Uso de sensores remotos en la agricultura: aplicaciones en el cultivo del banano

Jose A. Guzman-Alvarez; Miguel González-Zuñiga; Jorge A. Sandoval Fernandez; Julio Cesar Calvo-Alvarado

doi:10.15517/am.v33i3.48279

Autores/as

Jose A. Guzman-Alvarez Corporación Bananera Nacional (CORBANA S.A.), Guápiles, Costa Rica. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8729-8457
Miguel González-Zuñiga Corporación Bananera Nacional (CORBANA S.A.), Guápiles, Costa Rica. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-7123
Jorge A. Sandoval Fernandez Corporación Bananera Nacional (CORBANA S.A.), Guápiles, Costa Rica. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4820-6441
Julio Cesar Calvo-Alvarado Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9555-6420

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v33i3.48279

Palabras clave:

radar de abertura sintética, vehículos aéreos no tripulados, imágenes satelitales, índices de vegetación, radar

Resumen

Introducción. Los sensores remotos ofrecen la capacidad de observar un objeto sin estar en contacto con el mismo, son utilizados en aplicaciones para la agricultura y tienen un gran potencial de desarrollo para el cultivo del banano (Musa AAA). Durante las últimas décadas las investigaciones en sensores remotos y agricultura se han incrementado gracias a la disponibilidad de imágenes satelitales de alta resolución y al uso de vehículos aéreos no tripulados que generan información base para las investigaciones. Objetivo. Realizar una revisión general sobre las aplicaciones del uso de sensores remotos para el cultivo del banano en tres aspectos específicos: determinación del área de cultivo, estimación de su productividad y en el diagnóstico de enfermedades. Desarrollo. Las áreas de plantaciones comerciales de banano son de fácil detección visual o por medio clasificaciones de imágenes, como con las imágenes del radar de abertura sintética (SAR), que pueden alcanzar presiones superiores al 95 %. Esto debido a la alta retrodispersión de las hojas grandes de la planta. No obstante, los estudios realizados en cuanto a productividad son escasos para el cultivo de banano y se han limitado al uso de índices de vegetación, con resultados bajos en sus correlaciones. En cuanto la identificación de enfermedades, se ha trabajado en las principales que afectan la producción con niveles de correlación superiores al 90 % para algunas enfermedades. Conclusión. La presente revisión evidencia que las plantaciones bananeras pueden ser delimitadas mediante el uso de sensores remotos y, de igual forma, estos permiten la identificación de las principales enfermedades en el cultivo. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos para determinar productividad son escasos y con poca precisión.

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