Mineral nutrition and tolerance to Colletotrichum spp. of Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.) in nursery

Luis Gabriel Bautista-Montealegre; Leidy Yibeth DEantonio-Florido; William Andrés Cardona; Martha Marina Bolaños-Benavides; Gerhard Fischer

doi:10.15517/am.v33i3.48655

Autores/as

Luis Gabriel Bautista-Montealegre Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Cundinamarca, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9305-5630
Leidy Yibeth DEantonio-Florido Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Cundinamarca, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-1340
William Andrés Cardona Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Cundinamarca, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-4135
Martha Marina Bolaños-Benavides Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Cundinamarca, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4593-5523
Gerhard Fischer Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8101-0507

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v33i3.48655

Palabras clave:

dosis óptima, nutrición de plantas, superficie de respuesta, manejo integrado, sanidad vegetal

Resumen

Introducción. El cultivo de mora en Colombia es afectado por varias enfermedades, donde sobresale la antracnosis (Colletotrichum spp.), que puede generar pérdidas totales. Objetivo. Estimar las dosis de N, P, K y Ca que permitan mayor tolerancia a C. gloeosporioides cepa 52 en plántulas de mora. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se realizó en 2017 en un invernadero ubicado en Mosquera en el departamento de Cundinamarca (Colombia), con plántulas sembradas en sustrato a base de la mezcla 3:1 turba y cascarilla de arroz. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con arreglo compuesto central de veinticinco tratamientos y quince plántulas por unidad experimental. El material vegetal se inoculó 53 días después de iniciada la aplicación de los tratamientos, con discos de micelio a una concentración de 9,53×104 conidias. Se registró el porcentaje de severidad (Sev), período de incubación (PI) y tasa de desarrollo de la enfermedad (r); altura de planta (AP), diámetro del tallo (StD), área foliar (AF), índice de contenido de clorofilas (ICC), peso seco de la parte aérea y concentración de nutrientes. Se realizó análisis de varianza con prueba Tukey (p≤0,05), análisis de correlación, generación de modelos de superficie de respuesta y análisis de componentes principales con prueba t (p≤0,05). Resultados. El porcentaje de severidad mostró diferencias significativas en las plantas que recibieron los tratamientos de fertilización; las variables alométricas y el índice de contenido de clorofilas se correlacionaron negativa y significativamente con el porcentaje de severidad. Se obtuvieron modelos de efectos lineales simples e interacción entre elementos y cuatro componentes que explicaron 63 % de la variabilidad observada. Conclusiones. Las dosis de 55, 12, 14 y 9 g/planta de N, P₂O₅, K₂O y CaO, respectivamente, permitieron mayor tolerancia de las plantas de mora frente a C. gloeosporioides cepa 52, así como los valores más altos en variables de crecimiento.

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