Coinfecciones bacterianas en el tizón foliar y pudrición del bulbo en cebolla (Allium cepa L.)

Juan Carlos Jiménez-Acero; Rosa Raybaudi-Massilia; Adriana González-Almario

doi:10.15517/am.v34i2.52204

Autores/as

Juan Carlos Jiménez-Acero Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5764-4101
Rosa Raybaudi-Massilia Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2261-8912
Adriana González-Almario Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2261-8912

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v34i2.52204

Palabras clave:

Pantoea ananatis, Rahnella aquatilis, antagonismo, patogenicidad

Resumen

Introducción. La cebolla de bulbo (Allium cepa L.) es una hortaliza que se caracteriza por sus escamas carnosas susceptibles al ataque de fitopatógenos que causan pérdidas económicas. Los síntomas de tizón foliar y la pudrición del bulbo, pueden ser causados por diferentes géneros y especies bacterianas que pueden coinfectar al hospedante, lo que dificulta la identificación del agente causal. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de coinfecciones bacterianas en el tizón foliar y la pudrición del bulbo en cebolla. Materiales y métodos. Las bacterias fueron aisladas de plantas de cebollas con síntomas de tizón foliar y pudrición de bulbos, provenientes de cultivos ubicados en Choachí Cundinamarca, Colombia, recolectadas en junio de 2018. Los aislamientos bacterianos se purificaron, identificaron e inocularon de manera individual y en mezcla en hojas y bulbos de cebolla sanos. Se evaluaron seis tratamientos por órgano: tres con infecciones individuales y tres con coinfección. El progreso de la lesión se midió en ambos órganos durante doce días después de la inoculación. Resultados. Se obtuvieron dos especies bacterianas identificadas como Pantoea ananatis y Rahnella aquatilis a partir de los síntomas foliares y del bulbo de cebolla. En las infecciones individuales, la cepa P. ananatis presentó la mayor virulencia con un 34,29 % de daño en el bulbo y un 100 % en hoja, mientras que R. aquatilis generó el menor porcentaje de pudrición en el bulbo (8,87 %) y no produjo tizón. En las coinfecciones, la combinación de P. ananatis y R. aquatilis produjo los menores porcentajes de daño en el bulbo (15 %) y en la hoja (10 %), asociada a una disminución de la expresión de los síntomas. Conclusiones. R. aquatilis actuó como organismo antagonista de P. ananatis y provocó un retraso en el desarrollo de los síntomas de tizón foliar y pudrición del bulbo en cebolla.

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