Suplementación de óxido de zinc como sustituto al empleo de antibióticos en cerdos (Sus scrofa domestica)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2024.54643

Palabras clave:

hemoglobina, leucocitos, peso corporal, diarrea

Resumen

Introducción. Existe una gran preocupación humana por la resistencia a los antibióticos debido a su uso inadecuado como promotores del crecimiento en la cría de animales. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de altos niveles de zinc como sustituto del antibiótico en lechones destetados. Material y métodos. El estudio se realizó de junio a agosto de
2022 en la provincia de Chiriquí, Panamá. El periodo experimental estuvo compuesto por tres fases con 14 días por fase.
Los cerdos destetados (n= 54) fueron asignados a uno de tres tratamientos con seis repeticiones por tratamiento y tres cerdos por repetición. Los tratamientos fueron: 1) dieta control, formulada para suplir los requerimientos nutricionales para cerdos destetados; 2) similar al tratamiento 1, más 200 mg de amoxicilina/kg de alimento y 40 mg de florfenicol/kg de alimento durante la fase 1 (P1) y fase 2 (P2), respectivamente; y 3) similar al tratamiento 1, más 2000 ppm y 1600 ppm de zinc durante P1 y P2, respectivamente. En la fase 3 (P3), todos los cerdos fueron alimentados con una dieta común. Resultados. La suplementación con zinc mejoró la ganancia de peso en todas las fases. Los cerdos alimentados con zinc tuvieron mejor relación F:G en P2 en comparación a los cerdos suplementados con antibiótico (p < 0,05). Se
encontró una mayor concentración de hemoglobina y porcentaje de monocitos en cerdos alimentados con zinc que en los otros tratamientos (p < 0,05). Los cerdos alimentados con antibiótico o la dieta control tuvieron un menor porcentaje de materia seca fecal en comparación a los suplementados con zinc (p < 0,05). Conclusión. La suplementación de altos
niveles de zinc ejerció mejoras, en comparación al antibiótico, en cuanto a la concentración de hemoglobina, incidencia
de diarrea y ganancia de peso en cerdos durante los 42 días posteriores al destete.

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Biografía del autor/a

Reggie Guerra, Universidad de Panamá/Sistema Nacional de Investigación, Chiriqui, Panama

Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias

Departamento de Zootecnia

Profesor

Citas

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Publicado

2024-01-09

Cómo citar

Barría, C., Mudarra, R. ., & Guerra , R. . (2024). Suplementación de óxido de zinc como sustituto al empleo de antibióticos en cerdos (Sus scrofa domestica). Agronomía Mesoamericana, 35, 54643. https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2024.54643