Bioformulados para mantener la viabilidad de rizobacterias y su aplicación en Theobroma cacao L. CCN-51
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2024.56868Palabras clave:
control de plagas, gen, inocudidad, microbiología, sustancia bioquímicaResumen
Introducción. El empleo de bioformulados de rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal es una alternativa para reducir la dependencia de pesticidas en la agricultura, por su acción biocontroladora de patógenos y solubilizadora de nutrientes. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de los bioformulados sobre la viabilidad celular de las rizobacterias y su influencia en Theobroma cacao L. Materiales y métodos. La investigación se desarrolló de enero a diciembre del año 2020 en los laboratorios de Microbiología y Biología Molecular de la Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo y en la finca Ignolia, La Maná, Ecuador. Se evaluaron: las características potenciales de las bacterias para ser consideradas como rizobacterias; la identificación del gen chiA por reacción de la cadena de la polimerasa; el efecto de los bioformulados sobre la viabilidad celular de rizobacterias y su aplicación a campo para evaluar productividad y estado fitosanitario de T. cacao. Resultados. Las rizobacterias tuvieron la capacidad de solubilizar nutrientes, producir enzimas hidrolíticas y generadoras de biopelículas. El 80 % de las cepas presentaron el gen chiA, con actividad antifúngica contra hongos patógenos. El bioformulado BIO-QPGPRs, con A. calcoaceticus, E. asburiae, S. marcescens, P. protegens y P. veronii, mostró mayor persistencia celular (1,83E+5, 1,80E+5, 1,63E+5 y 1,63E+5) durante los 26 días. Su aplicación edáfica e inyección en temporada lluviosa incrementó las emisiones foliares con 100 y 108; además, redujo la incidencia de Phytophthora spp. y mejoró el rendimiento del grano seco (1270,6 kg/ha). Conclusiones. BIO-QPGPRs conservó las rizobacterias con viabilidad celular durante 26 días. Su aplicación en campo incrementó el número de emisiones foliares, redujo la incidencia de Phytophthora spp. en mazorcas y aumentó el rendimiento del cultivo.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Hayron Fabricio Canchignia Martínez , Dayanara Nicolle Tapia Quintana , Javier Andrés Auhing Arcos , Cristhian John Macias Holguin , Ángel Virgilio Cedeño Moreira, Luis Fernando Vera Benites
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