Bases genéticas de la esquizofrenia: “Nurture vrs Nature”

Raventós Vorst, Henriette

doi:10.15517/c2gam368

Autores/as

Henriette Raventós Vorst Universidad de Costa Rica, Centro de Investigaciones en Biología Celular y Molecular Autor/a

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/c2gam368

Palabras clave:

esquizofrenia, herencia compleja, heterogeneidad genética

Resumen

El presente artículo revisa la evidencia científica que muestra la heredabilidad de la esquizofrenia, su forma de herencia compleja y la posible heterogeneidad genética y ambiental. Se presentan las regiones cromosómicas que han sido ligadas a la enfermedad y algunos de los genes candidatos. El objetivo es presentar los resultados más importantes en el campo de la investigación genética de la enfermedad. Aunque se acepta que factores ambientales deben estar presentes en la etiopatogenia de la enfermedad, no se profundiza en ellos. Finalmente, se comenta el modelo lamarquiano sugerido por el Prof. Bolaños. El fin es transmitir que en la actualidad no hay contradicción entre el modelo biologista o psicológico que explicaban esta enfermedad. La concepción moderna une ambos modelos: se considera una enfermedad del neurodesarrollo en la que participan factores genéticos, factores epigenéticos y noxas ambientales, incluyendo los factores psicosociales.

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