El Apego Parental y el Comportamiento Problemático en los adolescentes: el papel mediador de la autoestima
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/ap.v40i140.61449Palabras clave:
Adolescentes, teoría del apego, comportamiento disruptivo, apego parental, autoestimaResumen
Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio era analizar el papel de la autoestima como mediador en la relación entre el apego parental y el comportamiento disruptivo. Método. Para realizar el presente estudio, se seleccionó por conveniencia a un total de 300 adolescentes de entre 12 y 17 años de cuatro centros de enseñanza secundaria de Chittagong, Bangladesh. Se utilizaron tres escalas psicológicas para recopilar datos en este estudio. Resultados. Los resultados del presente estudio revelaron que el 42.33 % de los adolescentes mostraba niveles moderados de comportamiento disruptivo. Los adolescentes con comportamiento disruptivo presentaban niveles de apego significativamente más bajos que sus homólogos sin comportamiento disruptivo. La autoestima actuó como mediador de la relación entre el apego materno y el comportamiento disruptivo.
Descargas
Referencias
Aasen, P., Ertesvag, S. K., Leirvik, O., & Nordtug, B. (2002). Introduction to educational analysis. Oslo: Cappelen Akademisk Forlag.
Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1978). The classification of child psychopathology: A review and analysis of empirical efforts. Psychological Bulletin, 85(6), 1275–1301. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.85.6.1275
Adegboyega, L. O., Okesina, F. A., & Jacob, O. A. (2017). Family relationship and bullying behavior among students with disabilities in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. International Journal of Instruction, 10(3), 241-256. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2017.10316a
Allen, J. P. (2008). The attachment system in adolescence. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed., pp. 419–435). The Guilford Press.
Allen, J. P., Porter, M., McFarland, C., McElhaney, K. B., & Marsh, P. (2007). The relation of attachment security to adolescents’ paternal and peer relationships, depression, and externalizing behavior. Child Development, 78(4), 1222–1239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01062.x
Al-Mamun, F., Islam, J., Muhit, M., & Mamun, M. A. (2024). Prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems among adolescents in Bangladesh. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 59(12), 2215–2225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-024-02673-7
American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Disruptive-behavior. In APA Dictionary of Psychology. Retrieved July 27, 2024, from https://dictionary.apa.org/disruptive-behavior
Araban, M., Montazeri, A., Stein, L. A. R., Karimy, M., & Mehrizi, A. A. H. (2020). Prevalence and factors associated with disruptive behavior among Iranian students during 2015: a cross-sectional study. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 46(1), 85. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-020-00848-x
Arbona, C., & Power, T. G. (2003). Parental attachment, self-esteem, and antisocial behaviors among African American, European American, and Mexican American adolescents. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50(1), 40. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-0167.50.1.40
Armsden, G. C., & Greenberg, M. T. (1987). The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, 427–454. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02202939
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (2016). National Strategy for Adolescent Health 2017-2030. BBS. URL: https://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/sites/unicef.org.bangladesh/files/2018-10/National-Strategy-for-Adolescent-Health-2017-2030.pdf
Barkley, R. A., Shelton, T. L., Crosswait, C., Moorehouse, M., Fletcher, K., Barrett, S., Jenkins, L., & Metevia, L. (2002). Preschool children with disruptive behavior: three-year outcome as a function of adaptive disability. Development and Psychopathology, 14(1), 45–67. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579402001037
Barry, C. T., Grafeman, S. J., Adler, K. K., & Pickard, J. D. (2007). The relations among narcissism, self-esteem, and delinquency in a sample of at-risk adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 30(6), 933–942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.12.003
Beck, J. S., Beck, A. T., & Jolly, J. B. (2001). Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment manual. Psychological Corporation.
Beck, J. S., Beck, A. T., Jolly, J. B., & Steer, R.A. (2005). Beck Youth Inventories – Second Edition for Children and Adolescents manual. PsychCorp.
Beigi, A. M., Sadeghi, Z., & Babaei, M. (2022). Prediction of self-esteem as it relates to parental and peer attachment among adolescents with a cultural perspective. Clinical Research and Studies, 1(1), 2835-2882.
Benoit, D. (2004). Infant-parent attachment: Definition, types, antecedents, measurement and outcome. Paediatrics and Child Health, 9(8), 541–545. https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/9.8.541
Bizzi, F., Castellano, R., & Cavanna, D. (2016). Continuity of attachment in children with disruptive behavior disorders and in their parents: A pilot study. European Psychiatry, 33(S1), S345–S345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1220
Boden, J. M., Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2007). Self-esteem and violence: testing links between adolescent self-esteem and later hostility and violent behavior. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42(11), 881–891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-007-0251-7
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and Loss. Vol. 2: Separation: anxiety and anger. Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Retrospect and prospect. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52(4), 664–678. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1111/j.1939-0025.1982.tb01456.x
Brown, J. D. (1998). The self. McGraw-Hill.
Brown, G. L., Mangelsdorf, S. C., & Neff, C. (2012). Father involvement, paternal sensitivity, and father-child attachment security in the first 3 years. Journal of family psychology: JFP: journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43), 26(3), 421–430. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027836
Dumont, C., & Paquette, D. (2013). What about the child’s tie to the father? A new insight into fathering, father-child attachment, children’s socio-emotional development and the activation relationship theory. Early Child Development and Care, 183(3-4), 430–446. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2012.711592
de Minzi, M. C. R. (2010). Gender and cultural patterns of mothers’ and fathers’ attachment and links with children’s self-competence, depression and loneliness in middle and late childhood. Early Child Development and Care, 180(1-2), 193–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430903415056
de Vries, S. L., Hoeve, M., Stams, G. J., & Asscher, J. J. (2016). Adolescent-parent attachment and externalizing behavior: The mediating role of individual and social factors. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44(2), 283–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-9999-5
Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., Robins, R. W., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2005). Low self-esteem is related to aggression, antisocial behavior, and delinquency. Psychological Science, 16(4), 328–335. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01535.x
Duesund, L., & Oedegaard, M. (2018). Students’ Perceived Experience of Disruptive Behavior in Schools: A Comparative Study between Schools in the US and Norway. Nordic Studies in Education, 38(2), 138-154. https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.1891-5949-2018-02-04
Dwairy, M. (2010). Parental acceptance-rejection: A fourth cross-cultural research on parenting and psychological adjustment of children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 19(1), 30-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-009-9338-y
Fearon, R, P., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Lapsley, A., & Roisman, G. I. (2010). The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children’s externalizing behavior: a meta-analytic study. Child Development, 81(2), 435–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01405.x
Fontana, D., (1995). Psychology for teachers (3rd ed.). Red Globe Press London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24139-2
Gamble, S. A., & Roberts, J. E. (2005). Adolescents’ Perceptions of Primary Caregivers and Cognitive Style: The Roles of Attachment Security and Gender. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 123–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-005-3160-7
Garthe, R. C., Sullivan, T., & Kliewer, W. (2015). Longitudinal Relations between Adolescent and Parental Behaviours, Parental Knowledge, and Internalizing Behaviours among Urban Adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44, 819-832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-014-0112-0
George, M. R., Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (2010). Positive aspects of fathering and mothering, and children’s attachment in kindergarten. Early Child Development and Care, 180(1-2), 107–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430903414752
Gomez, R., & McLaren, S. (2007). The interrelations of mother and father attachment, self-esteem and aggression during late adolescence. Aggressive Behavior, 33(2), 160–169. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20181
Grossmann, K., Grossmann, K. E., Fremmer-Bombik, E., Kindler, H., Scheuerer-Englisch, H., & Zimmermann, P. (2002). The uniqueness of the child-father attachment relationship: Fathers’ sensitive and challenging play as a pivotal variable in a 16-year longitudinal study. Social Development, 11(3), 307–331. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9507.00202
Gullone, E., & Robinson, K. (2005). The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised (IPPA-R) for children: A psychometric investigation. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 12, 67-79. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.433
Harris, M. A., & Orth, U. (2020). The link between self-esteem and social relationships: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(6), 1459–1477. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000265
Hasan, M., Mamun, M. R., & Saif-Ur-Rahman, K. M. (2022). Parent-adolescent bonding on interpersonal violence in Bangladeshi adolescents: Evidence from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) 2014. Children and Youth Services Review, 137.
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. Guilford Press.
Haynes, S. N., Richard, D. C. S., & Kubany, E. S. (1995). Content validity in psychological assessment: A functional approach to concepts and methods. Psychological Assessment, 7(3), 238–247. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.238
Hazen, N. L., McFarland, L., Jacobvitz, D., & Boyd-Soisson, E. (2010). Fathers’ frightening behaviors and sensitivity with infants: relations with fathers’ attachment representations, father-infant attachment, and children’s later outcomes. Early Child Development and Care, 180(1–2), 51–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430903414703
Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. University of California Press.
Hoeve, M., Stams, G. J., van der Put, C. E., Dubas, J. S., van der Laan, P. H., & Gerris, J. R. (2012). A meta-analysis of attachment to parents and delinquency. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(5), 771–785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-011-9608-1
Huang, Y., Xie, X.L., & Zhou, H. (2016). Parental attachment and children’s problem behaviors: Teacher-student relationship as a moderator. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24(6), 1074–1078.
Igartua, J. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2021). Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: Concepts, Computations, and Some Common Confusions. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 24, e49. https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2021.46
Ilyas, Q. S. M. (2002). Self-esteem, marital adjustment, social relation and mental health as predictors of life satisfaction in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Psychological Studies, 12, 77-92.
Irvine, T. J., Aults, C. D., & Menon, M. (2023). Self-Esteem Moderates the Relationship Between Secure Attachment and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Preadolescence. Psychological Reports, 126(2), 758–774. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941211061699
Karunarathne R. A. I. C. (2023). Parents or Peers? (In) congruence Effect of Adolescents’ Attachment to Parents and Peers on Self-Esteem. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 19(2), 207–219. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.7355
Keizer, R., Helmerhorst, K. O., & van Rijn-van Gelderen, L. (2019). Perceived quality of the mother–adolescent and father–adolescent attachment relationship and adolescents’ self-esteem. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(6), 1203-1217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01007-0
Khatun, J., & Azad, S. A. K. (2026). Exploring Psycho-Social Challenges and Coping Mechanisms among Adolescents in Bangladesh: A Qualitative Approach. Bioresearch Communications - (BRC), 12(1), 2070–2077. https://doi.org/10.3329/brc.v12i1.86782
Khatun, H., Gharami, T., Akter, H., & Nasrin, M. (2025). Assessment the Risk of Aggressive Behavior among Adolescents in Bangladesh. Saudi Journal of Nursing and Health Care, 8(3), 81-87. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjnhc.2025.v08i03.003
Lakhdir, M. P. A., Rozi, S., Peerwani, G., & Nathwan, A. A. (2020). Effect of parent-child relationship on physical aggression among adolescents: Global school-based student health survey. Health Psychology Open, 7(2), 2055102920954715. https://doi.org/10.1177/2055102920954715
Leary, M. R., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (vol. 32, pp. 1–62). Academic Press.
Lee, A., & Hankin, B. L. (2009). Insecure attachment, dysfunctional attitudes, and low self-esteem predicting prospective symptoms of depression and anxiety during adolescence. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 38(2), 219–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410802698396
Lessard, J. C. (1994). The role of psychological distress and attachment in adolescent substance use. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Lessard, J. C., & Moretti, M. M. (1998). Suicidal ideation in an adolescent clinical sample: attachment patterns and clinical implications. Journal of Adolescence, 21(4), 383–395. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.1998.0169
Lucktong, A., Salisbury, T. T., & Chamratrithirong, A. (2017). The impact of parental, peer and school attachment on the psychological well-being of early adolescents in Thailand. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 23(2), 235–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2017.1330698
Madigan, S., Moran, G., Schuengel, C., Pederson, D. R., & Otten, R. (2007). Unresolved maternal attachment representations, disrupted maternal behavior and disorganized attachment in infancy: links to toddler behavior problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 48(10), 1042–1050. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01805.x
Mann, E. M., Ikeda, Y., Mueller, C. W., Takahashi, A., Tao, K. T., Humris, E., Li, B. L., & Chin, D. (1992). Cross-cultural differences in rating hyperactive-disruptive behaviors in children. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 149(11), 1539–1542. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.11.1539
Maughan, D. R., Christiansen, E., Jenson, W. R., Olympia, D., & Clark, E. (2005). Behavioral parent training as a treatment for externalizing behaviors and disruptive behavior disorders: A meta-analysis. School Psychology Review, 34(3), 267-286. https://doi.org/10.1080/02796015.2005.12086287
McCormick, C. B., & Kennedy, J. H. (1994). Parent-child attachment working models and self-esteem in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 23, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01537139
McElwain, N. L., Cox, M. J., Burchinal, M. R., & Macfie, J. (2003). Differentiating among insecure mother-infant attachment classifications: a focus on child-friend interaction and exploration during solitary play at 36 months. Attachment and Human Development, 5(2), 136–164. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461673031000108513
Moretti, M. M., DaSilva, K., & Holland, R. (2004). Aggression from an attachment perspective: Gender issues and therapeutic implications. In M. M. Moretti, C. L. Odgers, & M. A. Jackson (Eds.), Girls and aggression: Contributing factors and intervention principles (pp. 41–56). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8985-7_4
Mueller, C. W., Mann, E. M., Thanapum, S., Humris, E., Ikeda, Y., Takahashi, A., Tao, K. T., & Li, B. L. (1995). Teachers’ ratings of disruptive behavior in five countries. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 24(4), 434–442. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2404_7
Newman, B. M., & Newman, P. R. (2011). Adolescence: Development during a period of uncertainty. Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Nunnally, J. C. & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). The Assessment of Reliability. Psychometric Theory, 3, 248-292.
Orth, U., Erol, R. Y., & Luciano, E. C. (2018). Development of self-esteem from age 4 to 94 years: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 144(10), 1045–1080. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000161
Papini, D. R., & Roggman, L. A. (1992). Adolescent perceived attachment to parents in relation to competence, depression, and anxiety: A longitudinal study. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 12(4), 420–440. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431692012004005
Parker, J. S., & Benson, M. J. (2004). Parent-adolescent relations and adolescent functioning: self-esteem, substance abuse, and delinquency. Adolescence, 39(155), 519–530. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15673227/
Pinquart, M. (2023). Attachment security with mothers and fathers: A meta-analysis on mean-level differences and correlations of verbal attachment measures. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 32(12), 3848–3859. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-023-02585-1
Pinto, A., Veríssimo, M., Gatinho, A., Santos, A. J., & Vaughn, B. E. (2015). Direct and indirect relations between parent-child attachments, peer acceptance, and self-esteem for preschool children. Attachment and Human Development, 17(6), 586–598. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2015.1093009
Ranson, K. E., & Urichuk, L. J. (2008). The effect of parent-child attachment relationships on child biopsychosocial outcomes: A review. Early Child Development and Care, 178(2), 129–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430600685282
Raosoft (2004). Raosoft Sample Size Calculator. Raosoft, Inc., Seattle. http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html
Rosenberg, M. (2015). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400876136
Rosenberg, J., & Wilcox, W. B. (2006). The Importance of Fathers in the Healthy Development of Children. Department of Health and Human Services.
Sarfika, R., Moh Yanuar Saifudin, I. M., Sari, I. M., Murni, D., Malini, H., & Abdullah, K. L. (2023). Investigating associations between emotional and behavioral problems, self-esteem, and parental attachment among adolescents: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia. Heliyon, 9(11), e21459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21459
Savage, J. (2014). The association between attachment, parental bonds and physically aggressive and violent behavior: A comprehensive review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(2), 164–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2014.02.004
Semke, C. A., Garbacz, S. A., Kwon, K., Sheridan, S. M., & Woods, K. E. (2010). Family involvement for children with disruptive behaviors: the role of parenting stress and motivational beliefs. Journal of School Psychology, 48(4), 293–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2010.04.001
Shayela, M., & Islam, M. N. (2018). Adaptation of the Inventory of Parents and Peer Attachment-Revised into Bangla. University of Chittagong.
Shehzadi, F., Bajwa, R. S., Batool, I., & Shah, A. A. (2018). Effects of perceived parenting styles on disruptive behavior among adolescents. Peshawar Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (PJPBS), 4(1), 1-13.
Shen, F., Liu, Y., & Brat, M. (2021). Attachment, Self-Esteem, and Psychological Distress: A Multiple-Mediator Model. Professional Counselor, 11(2), 129-142. https://doi.org/10.15241/fs.11.2.129
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7(4), 422–445. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.4.422
Sim, T. N., & Yow, A. S. (2011). God attachment, mother attachment, and father attachment in early and middle adolescence. Journal of Religion and Health, 50(2), 264-278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-010-9342-y
Sondeijker, F. E., Ferdinand, R. F., Oldehinkel, A. J., Veenstra, R., De Winter, A. F., Ormel, J., & Verhulst, F. C. (2005). Classes of adolescents with disruptive behaviors in a general population sample. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40(11), 931-938. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-005-0970-6
Stacy, P., & Conn, K. (2023). The protective factor of early childhood attachments and the risk factor of later life disruptive use of social media formats: Is there a correlation between the two? Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work, 20(2), 211-223. http://doi.org/10.1080/26408066.2022.2156313
Stadler, C., Poustka, F., & Sterzer, P. (2010). The Heterogeneity of Disruptive Behavior Disorders – Implications for Neurobiological Research and Treatment. Frontiers Psychiatry, 1. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2010.00021
Sun, Y., Li, J-B., Oktaufik, M. P. M., & Vazsonyi, A. T. (2022). Parental attachment and externalizing behaviors among Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of self-control. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 31, 923–933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02071-6
Syed, S. E., Chowdhury, N. F., Rahman, W., Alim, S. M. A. H. M., Maruf, M. M., Shams, S. F., & Mullick, M. S. (2012). Socio-demographic profile of children and adolescents with Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder in tertiary care hospitals. Bangladesh Journal of Psychiatry, 26(1), 35-45.
Therriault, D., Lemelin, J-P., Toupin, J., Déry, M., & Paquette, D. (2019). Parent and peer attachment in early adolescents with and without disruptive behavior disorder. Enfance, 4(4), 507-524. https://grise.ca/en/publications/lattachement-aux-parents-et-aux-pairs-chez-les-adolescents-et-adolescentes-avec-ou-sans-trouble-du-comportement/
Trzesniewski, K. H., Donnellan, M. B., Moffitt, T. E., Robins, R. W., Poulton, R., & Caspi, A. (2006). Low self-esteem during adolescence predicts poor health, criminal behavior, and limited economic prospects during adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 42(2), 381–390. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.2.381
Tuli, M. F. H., & Habib, M. A. (2026). Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Rural Adolescents: The Bangladeshi Example from a Gendered Perspective. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 13(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.52380/ijpes.2026.13.1.1321
Uddin, M. K., Huque, A., & Shimul, A. M. (2011). Adaptation of the Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social Impairment for use in Bangladesh. The Dhaka University Journal of Psychology, 35, 65-80. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274365641_Adaptation_of_the_Beck_Youth_Inventories_of_Emotional_and_Social_Impairment_for_Use_in_Bangladesh
Verma, R., Kumar, G., Yadav, R. K., Chayal, V., Kalhan, M., Bhalla, K., Dhaka, R., Agrawal, G., Sachdeva, A., Satija, J., Pankaj., & Sagar, V. (2021). Association of psychosocial factors with aggression among school going rural adolescents in Haryana. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(10), 3720–3724. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_447_21
von der Lippe, A., Eilertsen, D. E., Hartmann, E., & Killen, K. (2010). The role of maternal attachment in children’s attachment and cognitive executive functioning: a preliminary study. Attachment and Human Development, 12(5), 429–444. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2010.501967
Wilkinson, R. B. (2004). The role of parental and peer attachment in the psychological health and self-esteem of adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33(6), 479-493. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOYO.0000048063.59425.20
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Este obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 4.0 Unported.
Cómo citar
