Resumen
La sarcopenia es una enfermedad muscular que tiende a estar relacionada con el envejecimiento. No obstante, cumple un papel sumamente relevante en la clínica de patologías crónicas. Este rol se cuantifica mediante pruebas clínicas como el dinamómetro, permitiendo establecer una asociación entre la pérdida de la masa muscular, la condición general y la prognosis de los pacientes con distintas patologías.
La fisiopatología de la sarcopenia se centra en una disminución de las señales de hormonas anabólicas y un aumento de las señales catabólicas mediante sustancias proinflamatorias como el factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α) y la interleukina-6 (IL-6). Se genera una pérdida de la función, fuerza y masa muscular esquelética que favorece el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas.
Esto tiene un impacto negativo en aspectos como la calidad de vida, la sobrevida del paciente, aumento de riesgo de fracturas, aumento de complicaciones cardiovasculares, aumento en complicaciones posteriores a trasplantes y por lo general un aumento en las tasas de hospitalización y mortalidad.
Esta patología tiene una gran relevancia en la prognosis de los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas. Un estudio y detección temprana de sarcopenia puede llegar a ser de gran impacto en cuanto a las decisiones terapéuticas, progresión de la enfermedad y resultados de los pacientes.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2023 Ernesto Balmaceda Araya, Valeria Armani Arce, Joselyn Hernández Quirós, María Luisa Madrigal Mora, Katherine Sánchez Vargas