Revista de Ciencias Económicas ISSN Impreso: 0252-9521 ISSN electrónico: 2215-3489

OAI: https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/economicas/oai
Crecimiento de la productividad total de los factores en Costa Rica e inestabilidad macroeconómica
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Palabras clave

TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
GROWTH ACCOUNTING
ECONOMIC GROWTH IN COSTA RICA
PRODUCTIVIDAD TOTAL DE LOS FACTORES
CONTABILIDAD DE CRECIMIENTO
CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO EN COSTA RICA

Cómo citar

Robles, E. A. (2021). Crecimiento de la productividad total de los factores en Costa Rica e inestabilidad macroeconómica. Revista De Ciencias Económicas, 39(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.15517/rce.v39i1.47622

Resumen

El presente trabajo utiliza la metodología de contabilidad de crecimiento, llamada Two-Deflator Approach, para estimar la productividad total de los factores (PTF) en Costa Rica entre 1960 y 2019. Los resultados indican que el 14 % del crecimiento económico es explicado por el crecimiento de la PTF. El resto del crecimiento económico se asocia a las contribuciones del capital (52%) y del trabajo (34%), las cuales han sido positivas durante todas las décadas de este periodo. En cuanto a la contribución del trabajo, su aporte al crecimiento económico ha sido por la cantidad y no por la calidad de la mano de obra, con excepción del primer (1960-1969) y último periodo (2010-2019) en donde la calidad aportó positivamente al crecimiento económico. En términos de cambios, los resultados muestran que el 69% del cambio en la tasa de crecimiento durante el periodo está explicado por cambios en la PTF; el restante 31 % se explica por cambios en las contribuciones de los factores de producción (trabajo y capital).

Una vez estimada la PTF, se utiliza un modelo GARCH para estimar la relación entre la instabilidad macroeconómica y el crecimiento de la PTF. Así, se encontró evidencia de que el crecimiento de la PTF en Costa Rica se ve afectado negativamente por inflaciones altas. Por su parte, el crecimiento de la PTF se beneficia de un mayor crecimiento de la apertura comercial, medida por la suma de importaciones y exportaciones a PIB, y se perjudica cuando existe una mayor volatilidad de la profundización financiera, medida por la razón de M1 o M2 al PIB.

https://doi.org/10.15517/rce.v39i1.47622
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