Abstract
In the prologue of the second edition of the Critique of Pure Reason, Immanuel Kant offers a vision of logic as a science completely finished. Nevertheless, further advances have proven this Kantian idea wrong. The current work offers a discussion of non-monotonic logics and some of the philosophical presuppositions as an example of a formal system of very recent development with an interdisciplinary background that allows us to understand a particular class of inferences of human reasoning. In this sense, non-monotonic logics are a paradigmatic case which shows how distant is logic from being a perfect and finished science.
References
Alessio, Claudio A. 2017. «Derrota y defensa en argumentación rebatible». Praxis Filosófica 45, 25 53.
Batens, Diderik. 2009. «The Need for Adaptive Logics in Epistemology». En D. M. Gabbay, S. Rahman, J. Symons, & J. P. van Bendegem (Eds.), Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science (pp. 459–485). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2808-3_22
Braine, Martin D. 1978. «On the relation between the natural logic of reasoning and standard logic». Psychological review 85, (1).
Camacho, Luis. 2006. «La lógica en Kant y en George Boole.» Revista de filosofía de la Universidad de Costa Rica. 44(111-112). 49-56.
Costa, Horacio Arló. 1999. «Epistemic Context, Defeasible Inference and Conversational implicature». International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context, 15–27.
Gaines, Brian R. 2010. «Human rationality challenges universal logic.» Logica Universalis 4, 163-205.
Kant, Immanuel. (1997). Crítica de la razón pura. Traducido por Pedro Ribas. Madrid: Alfaguara
Kraus, Sarit, Lehmann, Daniel, & Magidor, Menachem. 1990. «Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Preferential Models and Cumulative Logics». Artificial Intelligence, 44(1–2), 167–207.
Koons, Robert. 2017. «Defeasible reasoning». En E. N. Zalta (Ed.) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2017 Edition). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2017/entries/reasoning-defeasible/
Lehmann, Daniel, & Magidor, Menachem. 1992. «What does a conditional knowledge base entail?» Artificial Intelligence, 55(1), 1–60.
Meheus, Joke., & Nickles, Thomas. 1999. «The Methodological Study of Creativity and Discovery—Some Background. Foundations of Science». 4(3), 231-235.
Morales, Jorge A. (2023). «La herencia de propiedades como mecanismo inferencial en el contexto del razonamiento no-monótono». Revista Iberoamericana de Argumentación 26: 1-20.
Morales, Jorge A. (2024). «Diverging Approaches to Skeptical Inference in Non-monotonic Reasoning.» Principia: an international journal of epistemology 28, no. 2: 229-246
Nute, Donald. 1988. «Defeasible Reasoning: A Philosophical Analysis in Prolog» En Aspects of Artificial Intelligence (Fetzer, James H., pp. 251–288). Springer.
Nute, Donald. 2003. «Agents, Epistemic Justification, and Defeasibility». Invited Address, 5th Augustus de Morgan workshop.
Lógica formal y argumentación como disciplinas complementarias. Buenos Aires: Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación
Pollock, John L. 1995. Cognitive Carpentry: A Blueprint for how to Build a Person. MIT Press.
Pollock, John L. 1987. «Defeasible Reasoning». Cognitive Science, 11(4), 481–518. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog1104_4
Rankin, Terry L. 1988. «When is Reasoning Nonmonotonic?». En J. H. Fetzer (Ed.), Aspects of Artificial Intelligence (pp. 289–308). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2699-8_10
Stenning, Keith, & Michiel Van Lambalgen. 2012. Human reasoning and cognitive science. MIT Press
Strasser, Christian, & Antonelli, G. Aldo. 2018. «Non-monotonic Logic». En E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2018). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2018/entries/logic-nonmonotonic/
Woleński, Jan. 2016. «Logic in the light of cognitive science». Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 48 (1), 87-101.
##plugins.facebook.comentarios##

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Revista de Filosofía de la Universidad de Costa Rica