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La osteoradionecrosis (ORN) es una complicación ósea asociada a la irradiación de tejidos secundaria al tratamiento de una neoplasia. Los pacientes con antecedentes de irradiación de cabeza y cuello tienen un riesgo aumentado de padecer esta enfermedad al someterse a algún procedimiento dental. Existen protocolos de prevención y tratamiento de la ORN con oxígeno hiperbárico, que son seguros y presentan pocos efectos secundarios. Este estudio observacional retrospectivo de registros médicos en un hospital de referencia de la Seguridad Social de Costa Rica identificó 50 participantes, con una frecuencia promedio de 8 protocolos aplicados por año. Los pacientes presentaban una edad media de 53,6 años y predominantemente masculinos, con el cáncer de glándula salival como el más prevalente. La sepsis dental fue el diagnóstico más común y su tratamiento fue la exodoncia. La aparición de ORN fue sumamente baja, así como los eventos secundarios quirúrgicos y asociados a la OHB. La población analizada muestra un comportamiento similar a lo reportado en otras latitudes y el protocolo pareciera ser bien tolerado y podría disminuir la incidencia de ORN
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Derechos de autor 2024 Andrés Soto Rodríguez, Andrea María Balmaceda Meza, Rodolfo Gamboa Montes de Oca, Sebastián Rojas Chaves