Tyrosine kinase inhibitors employed for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia: Current and future

Abstract

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cells neoplasm that results in an excess of granulocytic lineage cells. It has an annual incidence of 1 to 1.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, of which there is a male:female ratio of 1.3:1. The characteristic and diagnostic genetic abnormality in this pathology is the Philadelphia chromosome. The traditional treatments used lead the patient to develop many adverse effects. With the advance of personalized medicine, tyrosine kinase inhibitors were discovered, which were established due to a greater efficacy and a lower probability of adverse effects. Therefore, the objective of this work was to conduct a review on its use for the treatment of CML. It was found that its discovery has been fundamental for the therapy of patients with CML, as they constitute today the first line of treatment. However, research regarding its use in this leukemia continues, with the purpose of combining treatments, and evaluating efficacy, safety and potency of this type of drugs.