Archivos suplementarios
Palabras clave
alimentos balanceados
ganado lechero
leche
salud pública
mycotoxins
feedstuffs
dairy cattle
milk
public health
Resumen
La aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) es la aflatoxina más tóxica y prevalente a nivel mundial, causa aflatoxicosis aguda, tiene efecto carcinogénico y citotóxico en animales y humanos. La AFB1 es un metabolito secundario producido por especies de Aspergillus, particularmente, en regiones tropicales y subtropicales. Por lo general, los cereales son los alimentos que representan el riesgomás significativo de exposición para los animales y son los más utilizados en la formulación de alimentos balanceados para las explotaciones lecheras. Las vacas que ingieren alimentos contaminados con AFB1 excretan aflatoxina M1 (AFM1)a través de la leche, a una tasa de transferencia que va desde0,30 a 7,26%.La AFM1 tiene efecto carcinogénico, pero menos potente que el de la AFB1. La AFM1 es estable a los procesos de pasteurización de la leche empleados en la industria láctea. El consumo de productos lácteos contaminados con AFM1 aumentael riesgo para padecer cáncer en humanos, lo que la convierte en uno de los problemas más importantes de inocuidad alimentaria. Considerando el impacto en seguridad alimentaria de las AFB1/AFM1 para los animales y el hombre, en este trabajo se proporciona una perspectiva sobre la relación entre AFB1 y los alimentospara las vacas lecheras, la transferencia de AFB1 a AFM1 en la leche y derivados lácteos, efectos sobre los rendimientos productivos y reproductivos en el animal, importancia en la salud pública, así como, las estrategias más convenientes para controlar los niveles de AFB1 y AFM1 en la cadena de producción de la industria láctea.El control del impacto de las AFB1/AFM1 en las lecherías debería incluir un plan de vigilancia y monitoreo en la finca empleando técnicas analíticas confiables sobre muestras de leche provenientes del tanquein situque ayuden a fortalecer las medidas de control sobre los alimentos para garantizar el bienestar de las vacas y la inocuidad alimentaria.
Citas
Adams, R.S., Kephart,K. B.,Ishler, V. A., Hutchinson, L. J., &Roth, G.W. (2016). Mold and mycotoxinproblems in livestock feeding.https://extension.psu.edu/mold-and-mycotoxin-problems-in-livestock-feeding
Agus, A., Khuluq, I., Sumantri, I., Noviandi, C. T., &Nuryono, N. (2010). Aflatoxin M1 excretion in the milk of tropical dairy cow fed contaminated aflatoxin B1 in the diet. [The 5thInternational Seminaron Tropical Animal Production, Community Empowerment and Tropical Animal Industry],Yogyakarta, Indonesia.https://journal.ugm.ac.id/istapproceeding/article/view/30487/0
Ahlberg, S., Grace, D., Kiarie, G., Kirino, Y., &Lindahl, J. (2018). A risk assessment of aflatoxin M1 exposurein low and mid-income dairy consumers in Kenya. Toxins,10(9), Article 348.doi:10.3390/toxins10090348
Akbar, N.,Nasir, M., Naeem, N., Ahmad, M., Saeed, F., Anjum, F. M., Iqbal, S., Imran, M., Tufail, T., Shah, F., &Atif, M. (2020). Assessment of aflatoxin in milk and feed samples and impact of seasonal variations in the Punjab, Pakistan. Food Science & Nutrition 00, 1-11. doi:10.1002/fsn3.1557
Amigot, S. L.,Fulgueira, C. L., Bottai, H., &Basílico, J. C.(2006). New parameters to evaluate forage quality. Postharvest Biology and Technology,41(2), 215-224.doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.03.009
Amin, Y.A., Zakaria, A. M., El-Naga, E. M. A., &Ahmed, A. E.(2020). A comprehensive survey on the effects of aflatoxin B1 in birth outcomes and milk yield of pregnant cows and buffaloes. Bioscience Research,17(1), 489-498.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341106776_A_comprehensive_survey_on_the_effects_of_aflatoxin_B1_in_birth_outcomes_and_milk_yield_of_pregnant_cows_and_buffaloes
Arce-Ramírez, W., Rojas-Bourrillon, A., &Campos-Granados, C. M. (2020). Determinación del contenido energético de materiales forrajeros a través de la relación entre la técnica de producción de gas in vitro y la ecuación mecanicista del NRC (2001). Nutrición Animal Tropical,14(1), 13-35. doi:10.15517/nat.v14i1.41475
Assaf, J.C., Nahle, S., Chokr, A., Louka, N., Atoui,A., &El-Khoury, A. (2019). Assorted methods for decontamination of aflatoxin M1 in milk using microbial adsorbents. Toxins 11(6), Article 304. doi:10.3390/toxins11060304
Awaisheh, S.S.,Rahahleh, R. J., Algroom, R. M., Al-Bakheit, A. A., Al-Khaza'leh, J. M., &Al-Dababseh, B. A. (2019). Contamination level and exposure assessment to aflatoxin M1 in Jordanian infant milk formulas. Italian Journal of Food Safety,8(3), 8263. doi:10.4081/ijfs.2019.8263
Barac, A. (2019). Mycotoxins and human disease. InE. Presterl (Eds.),Clinically Relevant Mycoses(pp. 213-225). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92300-0_14Becker-Algeri, T.A., Castagnaro, D., de Bortoli, K., de Souza, C., Drunkler, D. A., &Badiale-Furlong, E. (2016). Mycotoxins in bovine milk and dairy products: a review. Journal of Food Science 81(3), R544-R552. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.13204
Benkerroum, N. (2020). Aflatoxins: producing-molds, structure, health issues and incidence in SoutheastAsian and Sub-Saharan African countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,17(4), Article 1215. doi:10.3390/ijerph17041215
Bernardes, T.F., Daniel, J. L. P., Adesogan, A. T., McAllister, T. A., Drouin, P., Nussio, L. G., Huhtanen, P., Tremblay, G. F., Bélanger, G., &Cai, Y. (2018). Silage review: unique challenges of silages made in hot and cold regions. Journal of Dairy Science,101(5), 4001-4019. doi:10.3168/jds.2017-13703
Bertin, G., Jouany, J. P., &Yiannikouris, A. (2009). Risk assessment of mycotoxins in ruminants and ruminant products. InT. G. Papachristou,Z.M. Parissi, H. Ben Salem, & P. Morand-Fehr. (Eds.). Nutritional and foraging ecology of sheep and goats(pp. 205-224). Zaragoza: CIHEAM/FAO/NAGREF.https://om.ciheam.org/om/pdf/a85/00801009.pdf
Biomin.(2019). World mycotoxin survey 2019: annual report No. 6.https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/5480243/BIOMIN/Downloads/MAG_MTXSurveyReport_2019_EN.pdf
Borutova, R. (2019).Adisseo: United States of America 2019 mycotoxin survey in corn and corn silage.https://www.adisseo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/mycotoxin-survey-in-corn-and-corn-silage-usa-2019-sa-mm036-00-usa.pdf
Britzi, M., Friedman, S., Miron, J., Solomon, R., Cuneah, O., Shimshoni, J. A., Soback, S., Ashkenazi, R., Armer, S., &Shlosberg, A. (2013). Carry-over of aflatoxin B1 to aflatoxin M1 in high yielding israeli cows in mid-and late-lactation. Toxins,5(1), 173-183. doi:10.3390/toxins5010173
Carvalho, B.F., Avila, C. L. S., Krempser, P. M., Batista, L. R., Pereira, M. N., &Schwan, R. F. (2016). Occurrence of mycotoxins and yeasts and moulds identification in corn silages in tropical climate. Journal of Applied Microbiology,120(5), 1181-1192. doi:10.1111/jam.13057
Capelli, A.,Suárez, G., &García-Santos, C. (2019). Aflatoxins in food and cow milk from 18 commercial farm in the south-central and eastern regions of Uruguay. Sociedad de MedicinaVeterinaria del Uruguay, 55(212), 52-56. doi:10.29155/VET.55.212.2
Chavarría, G., Granados-Chinchilla, F., Alfaro-Cascante, M., &Molina, A. (2015). Detection of aflatoxin M1 in milk, cheese and sour cream samples from Costa Rica using enzyme-assisted extraction and HPLC. Journal Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, 8(2), 128-135doi:10.1080/19393210.2015.1015176
Pichardo-Matamorosy Elizondo-Salazar. Impacto de las aflatoxinasen ganado lechero
Chavarría, G., Molina., A., Leiva., A., Mendez., G., Wong-Gonzalez., E., Cortes-Muñoz., M., Rodríguez, C., &Granados-Chinchilla, F. (2017). Distribution, stability, and protein interactions of aflatoxin M1 in fresh cheese. Food Control, 73(B), 581-586. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.09.005
Chen, W.,Huang, Z., Hu, S., Peng, J., Liu, D., Xiong, Y., Xu, H., Wei, H., &Lai, W. (2019). Invited review: advancements in lateral flow immunoassays for screening hazardous substances in milk and milk powder. Journal of Dairy Science,102(3), 1887-1900. doi:10.3168/jds.2018-15462
Chhonker, S.K., Rawat, D., Naik,R. A., &Koiri, R. K. (2018). Anoverview of mycotoxins in human health with emphasis on development and progression of liver cancer. Clinics in Oncology, 3, Article 1408.http://www.remedypublications.com/open-access/an-overview-of-mycotoxins-in-human-health-with-emphasis-on-development-and-progression-of-liver-cancer-1571.pdf
Chlebicz, A., &Śliżewska, K.(2020). In vitro detoxification of aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, T-2 toxin and zearalenone by probiotic bacteria from genus Lactobacillusand Saccharomyces cerevisiaeyeast. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, 12, 289-301. doi:10.1007/s12602-018-9512-x
Costamagna, D., Gaggiotti, M., Chiericatti,C. A., Costabel, L. Audero, G. M. L., Taverna, M., &Signorini, M. L. (2019). Quantification of aflatoxin M1 carry-over rate from feed to soft cheese. ToxicologyReports, 6, 782-787. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.07.004
De Freitas, C.H., Gonçalves, C. L., &da Silva-Nascente, P. (2018). Aflatoxins B1 and M1: risks related to milk produced in Brazil. Annals of Microbiology,68, 793-802. doi:10.1007/s13213-018-1395-2
Dellafiora, L.,Dall’Asta,C., &Galaverna, G. (2018). Toxicodynamics of mycotoxins in the framework of food risk assessment -an in silico perspective. Toxins,10(2), Article52. doi:10.3390/toxins10020052
Del Palacio, A.,Bettucci, L., &Pan, D. (2016). Fusariumand Aspergillusmycotoxins contaminating wheat silage for dairy cattle feeding in Uruguay. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology,47(4), 1000-1005. doi:10.1016/j.bjm.2016.06.004
Domenico, A.S., Busso, C., Hashimoto, E. H., Frata, M. T., Christ,D., &Coelho, S. R. M.(2016). Occurrence of Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., and aflatoxins in corn hybrids with different systems of storage. Acta Scientiarum,38(1), 111-121. doi:10.4025/actasciagron.v38i1.25621
Eaton, D. L., Beima, K. M., Bammler, T. K., Riley, R. T., & Voss, K. A. (2010). Hepatotoxic Mycotoxins. In C. A. McQueen (Eds.), Comprehensive Toxicology(pp. 527-569). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-046884-6.01023-X
Ehrlich,K.C. (2014). Non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavusto prevent aflatoxin contamination in crops: advantages and limitations. Frontiers in Microbiology,5, Article50. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00050
Elizondo-Salazar, J. (2017). Producción de biomasa y calidad nutricional de tres forrajes cosechados a dos alturas. Agronomía Mesoamericana 28(2), 329-340. doi:10.15517/ma.v28i2.23418
Escrivá, L., Font, G., Manyes, L., &Berrada, H. (2017). Studies on the presence of mycotoxins in biological samples: an overview. Toxins, 9(8), Article 251. doi:10.3390/toxins9080251
European Union. (2010, November). Guidance document for competent authorities for the control of compliance with EU legislation on aflatoxins
Granados-Chinchilla, F.,Molina, A., Chavarría, G., Alfaro-Cascante, M., Bogantes-Ledezma, D., &Murillo-Williams, A. (2017a). Aflatoxins occurrence through the food chain in Costa Rica: applying the one health approach to mycotoxin surveillance. Food Control, 82, 217-226. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.06.023
Granados-Chinchilla, F. (2017b). A Focus on aflatoxin in feedstuffs: new developments in analysis and detection, feed composition affecting toxin contamination, and interdisciplinary approaches to mitigate it(pp. 251-280). INTECH. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.69498
Gruber-Dorninger, C.,Jenkins, T., &Schatzmayr, G. (2019). Global mycotoxin occurrence in feed: a ten-year survey. Toxins,11(7), Article 375. doi:10.3390/toxins11070375
Gomaa, E.Z., Abdelall,M. F., &El-Mahdy, O. M. (2018). Detoxification of aflatoxin B1 by antifungal compounds from Lactobacillus brevisand Lactobacillus paracasei, isolated from dairy products. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins,10(2), 201-209. doi:10.1007/s12602-017-9350-2
Gonçalves, L.,Dalla-Rosa, A., Gonzales, S. L., Feltes,M. M. C., Badiale-Furlong,E., &Dors, G. C.(2017). Incidence of aflatoxin M1 in fresh milk from small farms.Food Science and Technology, 37, 11-15. doi:10.1590/1678-457X.06317
González-Pereyra, M.L., Alonso, V. A., Sager, R., Morlaco, M. B., Magnoli, C. E., Astoreca, A. L., Rosa,C. A. R., Chiacchiera, S. M., Dalcero,A. M., &Cavaglieri, L. R. (2008). Fungi and selected mycotoxins from pre-and postfermented corn silage. Journal of Applied Microbiology,104(4), 1034-1041. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03634.x
Hashemi, M. (2016). Aflatoxin B1 levels in feedstuffs from dairy cow farms in south of Iran. Food and Agricultural Immunology 27(2), 251-258. doi:10.1080/09540105.2015.1086319
Homouda, S.N., Hasanin, M. E., Abdelghaffar, A. A., &Elekhnawy, E. (2016). Correlation between aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products in dairy animals fed on aflatoxin B1 contaminated ration. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry and Environmental Health,2(2), 475-489.http://cehea.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/41-.pdf
Huerta-Treviño, A., Dávila-Aviña, J. E., Sánchez, E., Heredia, N., &García, S. (2016). Occurrence of mycotoxins in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench], and grass (CenchrusciliarisL.) retailed in the state of Nuevo León, México. Agrociencia, 50, 825-836.http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/agro/v50n7/1405-3195-agro-50-07-825.pdf
Intanoo, M.,Kongkeitkajorn, M. B., Pattarajinda, V., Bernard, J. K., Callaway, T. R., Suriyasathaporn, W., &Phasuk, Y. (2018). Isolation and screening of aflatoxin-detoxifying yeast and bacteria from ruminal fluids to reduce aflatoxin B1 contamination in dairy cattle feed. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 125(6), 1603-1613. doi:10.1111/jam.14060
Intanoo, M., Kongkeitkajorn, M. B., Suriyasathaporn, W., Phasuk, Y., Bernard, J. K., &Pattarajinda, V. (2020). Effect of supplemental Kluyveromycesmarxianusand Pichia kudriavzeviion aflatoxin M1 excretion in milk of lactating dairy cows. Animals,10(4), Article 709. doi:10.3390/ani10040709
Ishikawa, A.T., Takabayashi-Yamashita, C. R., Ono, E. Y. S., Bagatin, A. K., Rigobello, F. F., Kawamura,O., Hirooka, E. Y., &Itano, E. N. (2016). Exposure assessment of infants to aflatoxin M1 through consumption of breast milk and infant powdered milk in Brazil. Toxins,8(9), Article 246. doi:10.3390/toxins8090246
Jiang, Y., Ogunade, I. M., Kim, D. H., Li, X., Pech-Cervantes, A. A., Arriola, K. G., Oliveira, A. S., Driver,J. P., Ferraretto, L. F., Staples, C. R., Vyas, D., &Adesogan, A. T.(2018). Effect of adding clay with or without a Saccharomyces cerevisiaefermentation product on the health and performance of lactating dairy cows challenged with dietary aflatoxin B1. Journal of Dairy Science,101(4), 3008-3020. doi:10.3168/jds.2017-13678
Kasoju, A.,Shahdeo, D., Khan, A. A., Shrikrishna, N. S., Mahari, S., Alanazi,A. M., Bhat, M. A., Giri, J., &Gandhi, S. (2020). Fabrication of microfluidic device for aflatoxin M1 detection in milk samples with specific aptamers. Scientific Reports, 10, Article 4627. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-60926-2
Kemboi, D.C., Antonissen, G., Ochieng, P. E., Croubels, S., Okoth, S., Kangethe, E.K., Faas, J., Lindahl,J. F., &Gathumbi, J. K. (2020). A review of the impact of mycotoxins on dairy cattle health: challenges for food safety and dairy production in Sub-Saharan Africa. Toxins,12(4), Article 222. doi:10.3390/toxins12040222
Keller, L.A.M., González-Pereyra, M. L., Keller,K. M., Alonso,V. A., Oliveira,A. A., Almeida,T. X., Barbosa,T. S., Nunes, L. M. T., Cavaglieri, L. R., &Rosa, C. A. R. (2013). Fungal and mycotoxins contamination in corn silage: monitoring risk before and after fermentation. Journal of Stored Products Research, 52, 42-47. doi:10.1016/j.jspr.2012.09.001
Kim, S., Lee, H., Lee, S., Lee, J., Ha, J., Choi, Y., Yoon,Y., &Choi, K. H. (2017). Invited review: microbe-mediated aflatoxin decontamination of dairy products and feeds. Journal of Dairy Science,100(2), 871-880. doi:10.3168/jds.2016-11264
Krstović, S.,Popović-Vranješ, A., Kasalica, A., Jevtić, M., &Jajić, I. (2018). Aflatoxin M1 transfer rate from milk into cheese and whey during the production of hard cheese. The Serbian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 67(3-4), 215-220. doi:10.1515/contagri-2018-0031
Kuharić, Ž., Jakopović, Ž., Čanak, I., Frece, J., Bošnir, J., Pavlek, Ž., Ivešić, M., &Markov, K. (2018). Removing aflatoxin M1 from milk with native lactic acid bacteria, centrifugation, and filtration. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology,69(4), 334-339. doi:10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3160
Li, S.,Min, L., Wang, G., Li, D., Zheng, N., &Wang, J. (2018). Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk from manufacturers of infant milk powder in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,15(5), Article 879. doi:10.3390/ijerph15050879
Li, H.,Xing, L., Zhang, M., Wang, J., &Zheng, N. (2018). The toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1 on kidney through regulating L-proline and downstream apoptosis.BioMed Research International, 2018, Article 9074861. doi:10.1155/2018/9074861
Loh, Z.H., Ouwerkerk, D., Klieve, A. V., Hungerford, N. L., &Fletcher, M. T. (2020). Toxindegradationby rumen microorganisms: a review. Toxins,12(10), Article 664. doi:10.3390/toxins12100664
López-Herrera, M.,Rojas-Bourrillon, A., &Zumbado-Ramírez, C. (2017). Características nutricionales y fermentativas de ensilados de pasto Camerún con plátano Pelipita. Agronomía Mesoamericana, 28(3), 629-642. doi:10.15517/ma.v28i3.25237
Mahato, D.K., Lee, K. E., Kamle, M., Devi, S., Dewangan, K. N., Kumar, P., &Kang, S. G. (2019). Aflatoxins in food and feed: an overview on prevalence, detection and control strategies. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, Article 2266. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02266
Makau, C.M., Matofari, J. W., Muliro, P. S., &Bebe, B. O. (2016). Aflatoxin B1 and deoxynivalenol contamination of dairy feeds and presence of aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk from smallholder dairy systems in Nakuru, Kenya. International Journal of Food Contamination,3, Article 6. doi:10.1186/s40550-016-0033-7
Makun, A.H., Apeh, D. O., Mwanza, M., Shittu, T. O., Nneji, J. F., Omotosho, T., Egbe, O. S., Yusuf, O. U., Oshotse, B. R., Abdulrahim, I., Yusuf, O. H., Eneche, B., Abdulrahman, U., Ochai,D. O., &Adejumo, A. (2016). Aflatoxin M1 in breast milk, cow milk and milk products in Minna, Nigeria and their predisposing factors. Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry,5(4), Article 303. doi:10.4172/2161-1009.1000303
Marchese, S.,Polo, A., Ariano, A., Velotto, S., Costantini, S., &Severino, L. (2018). Aflatoxin B1 and M1: biological properties and their involvement in cancer development. Toxins,10(6), Article 214. doi:10.3390/toxins10060214
Marrez, D.A., Shahy, E. M., El-Sayed, H. S., &Sultan, Y. Y. (2018). Detoxification of aflatoxin B1 in milk using lactic acid bacteria. Journal of Biological Sciences,18(3), 144-151. doi:10.3923/jbs.2018.144.151
Medina, Á.,González-Jartín, J. M., &Sainz, J. M. (2017). Impact of global warming on mycotoxins. Current Opinion in Food Science, 18, 76-81.doi:10.1016/j.cofs.2017.11.009
Mohammedi-Ameur, S.,Dahmane, M., Brera, C., Kardjadj, M., &Ben-Mahdi, M. H. (2020). Occurrence and seasonal variation of aflatoxin M1 in raw cow milk collected from different regions of Algeria. Veterinary World,13(3), 433-439. doi:10.14202/vetworld.2020.433-439
Molina, A.,Zamora-Sanabria, R., &Granados-Chinchilla, F. (2017). A focus on aflatoxins in feedstuffs: levels of contamination, prevalence, control strategies, and impacts on animal health(pp. 115-152). INTECH. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.69468
Molina, A.,Chavarría, G., Alfaro-Cascante, M., Leiva, A., &Granados-Chinchilla, F. (2019). Mycotoxins at the start of the food chain in Costa Rica: analysis of six Fusariumtoxins and ochratoxin a between2013 and 2017 in animal feed and aflatoxin M1 in dairy products. Toxins,11(6), Article 312. doi:10.3390/toxins11060312
Mongkon, W.,Sugita-Konishi, Y., Chaisri, W., &Suriyasathaporn, W. (2017).Aflatoxin B1 contamination of dairy feeds after storage in farm practice in tropical environment. Biocontrol Science, 22(1), 41-45.doi:10.4265/bio.22.41
Mozafari, S.,Mohsenzadeh, M., &Mehrzad, J. (2017). Seasonally feed-related aflatoxins B1 and M1 spread in semiarid industrial dairy herd and its deteriorating impacts on food and immunity. Journal of Food Quality, 2017, Article 4067989.doi:10.1155/2017/4067989
Naseer, O.,Khan, J. A., Khan, M. S., Omer,M. O., Naseer, J., Sohail, M. L., Saleem, M. U., Ahmad, W., &Ahmad, A. S. (2017). Effect of dietary aflatoxins (AFB1) on hematological and biochemical indices of male buffaloes. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 52(5), 718-723. doi:10.18805/ijar.v0iOF.9128
Negash, D.A. (2018). A review of aflatoxin: occurrence, prevention, and gaps in both food and feed safety. Journal of Nutritional Health & Food Engineering,8(2), 190-197. doi:10.15406/jnhfe.2018.08.00268
Nejad, A.S.M., Heshmati, A., &Ghiasvand, T. (2019). The occurrence and risk assessment of exposure to aflatoxin M1 in ultra-high temperature and pasteurized milkin Hamadan province of Iran. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, 10(4), 228-233. doi:10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.4.05
Nile, S.H., Park, S. W., &Khobragade, C. N.(2016). Occurrence and analysis of aflatoxin M1 in milk produced by indian dairy species. Food and Agricultural Immunology, 27(3), 358-366. doi:10.1080/09540105.2015.1104655
Ogunade, I.M., Martinez-Tuppia, C., Queiroz,O. C. M., Jiang, Y., Drouin, P., Wu, F., Vyas,D., &Adesogan, A. T. (2018). Silage review: mycotoxins in silage: occurrence, effects, prevention, and mitigation. Journal of Dairy Science,101(5), 4034-4059. doi:10.3168/jds.2017-13788
Panwar, R., Kumar, N., Kashyap, V., Ram, C., &Kapila, R. (2019). Aflatoxin M1 detoxification ability of probiotic Lactobacilliof indian origin in In vitro digestion model. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, 11, 460-469. doi:10.1007/s12602-018-9414-y
Pate, R.T., Paulus-Compart, D. M., &Cardoso, F. C. (2018). Aluminosilicate clay improves production responses and reduces inflammation during anaflatoxin challenge in lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science,101(12), 11421-11434. doi:10.3168/jds.2018-15024
Peles, F.,Sipos, P., Gyori, Z., Pfliegler, W. P., Giacometti, F., Serraino, A., Pagliuca, G., Gazzotti, T., &Pócsi, I. (2019). Adverse effects, transformation and channeling of aflatoxins into food raw materials in livestock. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, Article2861. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02861
Peña-Rodas, O.,Martínez-López, R., & Hernández-Rauda, R.(2018). Occurrence of aflatoxinM1 in cow milk in El Salvador: results from a two-year survey. Toxicology Reports, 5, 671-678. doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.06.004
Polonelli, L.,Giovati, L., Magliani, W., Conti, S., Sforza, S., Calabretta, A., Casoli, C., Ronzi, P., Grilli, E., Gallo, A., Masoero, F., &Piva, G. (2011). Vaccination of lactating dairy cows for the prevention of aflatoxin B1 carry over in milk. PLoS ONE, 6(10), Articlee26777. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026777
Quevedo-Garza, P.A.,Amador-Espejo, G. G., Salas-García, R., Ramos-Peña, E. G., &Trujillo, A. J. (2020). Aflatoxin M1 determination in infant formulae distributed in Monterrey, Mexico. Toxins, 12(2), Article 100. doi:10.3390/toxins12020100
Rahimirad, A.,Malekinejad, H., Ostadi, A., Yeganeh, S., &Fahimi, S. (2014). Aflatoxin M1 concentration in various dairy products: evidence for biologically reduced amount of AFM1 in yoghurt. Iranian Journal Public Health, 43(8), 1139-1144.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4411911/pdf/IJPH-43-1139.pdf
Ren, X.,Zhang, Q., Zhang,W., Mao, J., &Li, P. (2020). Control of aflatoxigenic molds by antagonistic microorganisms: inhibitory behaviors, bioactive compounds, related mechanisms, and influencing factors. Toxins, 12(1), Article 24. doi:10.3390/toxins12010024
Reyes-Velázquez, W.P., Espinoza, V. H. I., Rojo, F., Jiménez-Plasencia, C., Palacios, E. L., Hernández-Góbora, J., &Ramírez-Álvarez, A. (2008). Occurrence of fungi and mycotoxins in corn silage, Jalisco State, Mexico. Revista Iberoamericana de Micología,25(3), 182-185.doi:10.1016/S1130-1406(08)70043-3
Rodrigues, R.O., Ledoux, D. R., Rottinghaus, G. E., Borutova, R., Averkieva, O., &McFadden, T. B.(2019). Feed additives containing sequestrant clay minerals and inactivated yeast reduce aflatoxin excretion in milk of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science,102(7), 6614-6623. doi:10.3168/jds.2018-16151
Rodríguez-Blanco, M.,Ramos, A. J., Prim, M., Sanchis, V., &Marín, S. (2019a). Usefulness of the analytical control of aflatoxins in feedstuffs for dairy cows for the prevention of aflatoxin M1 in milk. MycotoxinResearch, 36(1), 11-22. doi:10.1007/s12550-019-00362-y
Rodríguez-Blanco, M.,Ramos, A. J., Sanchis, V., &Marín, S. (2019b, August 21). Mycotoxins occurrence and fungal populations in different types of silages for dairy cows in Spain. FungalBiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2019.08.006
Sánchez-Ledezma, W., &Hidalgo-Ardón, C. (2018). Potencial forrajero de nueve híbridos de maíz en la zona alta lechera de Costa Rica. Agronomía Mesoamericana, 29(1), 153-164. doi:10.15517/ma.v29i1.27732
Sassahara, M.,Netto,D. P., &Yanaka, E. K. (2005). Aflatoxin occurrence in foodstuff supplied to dairy cattle and aflatoxin M1 in raw milk in the North of Paraná State. Food and Chemical Toxicology,43(6), 981-984. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2005.02.003
Schmidt, P.,Novinski, C. O., Junges, D., Almeida, R., & de Souza, C. M.(2015). Concentration of mycotoxins and chemical composition of corn silage: a farm survey using infrared thermography. Journal of Dairy Science,98(9), 6609-6619. doi:10.3168/jds.2014-8617
Seid, A., &Mama, A. (2019). Aflatoxicosis and occurrence of aflatoxin M1(AFM1) in milk and dairy products: a review. Austin Journal of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry,6(1), Article 1054.https://austinpublishinggroup.com/april-2019/published-articles-3.php
Serraino, A.,Bonilauri, P., Kerekes, K., Farkas, Z., Giacometti, F., Canever, A., Zambrini, A. V., &Ambrus, Á. (2019). Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk marketed in Italy: exposure assessment and risk characterization. Frontiers inMicrobiology, 10, Article 2516. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02516
Shahbazi, Y. (2017). Aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk and dairy products: implications on human health. In R. R. Watson,R.J. Collier, & V. R. Preedy (Eds),Nutrients in dairy and their implications on health and disease(pp. 237-250). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809762-5.00019-X
Sumantri, I.,Purwanti, F., Nuryono, N., &Agus, A. (2019). Estimation of aflatoxin M1 exposure through consumption of various dairy milk products in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. JurnalVeteriner, 20(1), 58-64. doi:10.19087/jveteriner.2019.20.1.58
Temamogullari, F., &Kanici, A. (2014). Short communication: aflatoxin M1 in dairy products sold in Sanliurfa, Turkey. Journal of Dairy Science,97(1), 162-165. doi:10.3168/jds.2012-6184
Van derFels-Klerx, H.J., &Camenzuli, L. (2016). Effects of milk yield, feed composition, and feed contamination with aflatoxin B1 on the aflatoxin M1 concentration in dairy cows’ milk investigated using Monte Carlo Simulation Modelling.Toxins, 8(10), Article290. doi:10.3390/toxins8100290
Vargas-Leitón, B., Solís-Guzmán, O., Sáenz-Segura, F., &León-Hidalgo, H. (2013). Caracterización y clasificación de hatos lecheros en Costa Rica mediante análisis multivariado. Agronomía Mesoamericana, 24(2), 257-275.http://www.mag.go.cr/rev_meso/v24n02_257.pdf
Vaz, A.,Cabral-Silva, A. C., Rodrigues, P., &Venâncio, A. (2020). Detection methods for aflatoxin M1 in dairy products. Microorganisms, 8(2), Article 246. doi:10.3390/microorganisms8020246
Wang, C.,Peng, J., Liu, D. F., Xing, K. Y., Zhang, G. G., Huang, Z., Cheng, S., Zhu, F. F., Duan, M. L., Zhang, K. I., Yuan, M. F., &Lai, W. H. (2018). Lateral flow immunoassay integrated with competitive and sandwich models for the detection of aflatoxin M1 and Escherichia coliO157:H7 in milk. Journal ofDairy Science,101(10), 8767-8777. doi:10.3168/jds.2018-14655
Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Zheng, N., Guo, L., Song, X., Zhao, S., & Wang, J.(2019). Biological system responses of dairy cows to aflatoxin B1 exposure revealed with metabolomic changes in multiple biofluids. Toxins, 11(2), Article 77. doi:10.3390/toxins11020077
Wang, Q.,Zhang, Y., Zheng, N., Zhao, S., Li, S., &Wang, J. (2020). The biochemical and metabolic profiles of dairy cows with mycotoxins-contaminated diets. PeerJ, 8, Article e8742. doi:10.7717/peerj.8742
Watson, S., Moore, S. E., Darboe, M. K., Chen, G., Tu. Y-K., Huang, Y-T., Eriksen, K. G., Bernstein, R. M., Prentice,A. M., Wild, C. P., Xu, Y., Routledge, M. N., & Gong, Y. Y. (2018). Impaired growth in rural Gambian infants exposed to aflatoxin: a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health, 18, Article 1247. doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6164-4
World Health Organization(2018). Food Safety Digest: aflatoxins.https://www.who.int/foodsafety/FSDigest_Aflatoxins_EN.pdfWingChing-Jones, R., &Leal-Rivera, J. C. (2018). Conservación del forraje de la Typhadomingensis(Typhaceae): ensilaje y henificación. UNED Research Journal, 10(1), 107-114.doi:10.22458/urj.v10i1.2013
Wu, F., Groopman, J. D., &Pestka, J. J. (2014). Public health impacts of foodborne mycotoxins. The Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, 5, 351-372. doi:10.1146/annurev-food-030713-092431
Wu, F., &Turna, N. S. (2019). Aflatoxin M1 occurrence in dairy products worldwide: summary of literature review and policy implications.https://www.canr.msu.edu/fsp/publications/research-papers/RP%20153.pdf
Xiong, J.L., Wang, Y. M., Zhou, H. L., &Liu, J. X. (2018). Effects of dietary adsorbent on milk aflatoxin M1 content and the health of lactating dairy cows exposed to long-term aflatoxin B1 challenge. Journal of Dairy Science,101(10), 8944-8953. doi:10.3168/jds.2018-14645
Yin, Y.,Yan, L., Jiang, J., &Ma, Z. (2008). Biological control of aflatoxin contamination of crops. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 9(10), 787-792.doi:10.1631/jzus.B08