Supplementary Files
Keywords
terpenes
dental caries
phytotherapy
Cymbopogon citratus
essentail oils.
How to Cite
Abstract
Dental caries is a pathology of multifactorial origin and currently natural products are an efficient alternative treatment; The work sought to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and the citral and myrcene components against Streptococcus mutans ATCC UA159, as well as their cytotoxicity on keratinocytes and human fibroblasts. The viability effect against Streptococcus mutans on biofilms was evaluated through exposure to the three substances by using the MBEC technique-high-throughput at concentrations of 1, 0.1, and 0.01 µg/mL and chlorhexidine as positive control. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated on keratinocytes and fibroblasts through the MTT reduction technique, using 0.5 mM H2O2 as cell-death control (negative control) and ethanol 1% as vehicle control (positive control). The three substances evaluated had effects on the viability of Streptococcus mutans with mortality between 74% and 96%, without significant difference among them (p > 0.393); additionally, no cytotoxicity was evident on keratinocytes and fibroblasts in a 24-h treatment. The substances evaluated showed significant antimicrobial effects; hence, these should be studied further as potential co-adjuvants to prevent dental caries that cause minor adverse effectsReferences
Almeida, R. B., Akisue, G., Cardoso, L. M. L., Junqueira, J. C., & Jorge, A. O. C. (2013). Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. on Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus mutans and Candida spp. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 15, 474-482.
Bandoni, A. L., Retta, D., Di Leo Lira, P. M., & Baren, C. M. (2009). ¿Son realmente útiles los aceites esenciales? Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas, 8, 317-322.
Bascones, A. & Morantes, S. (2006). Antisépticos orales. Revisión de la literatura y perspectiva actual. Avances en Periodoncia, 18, 31-59.
Bernardes, W. A, Lucarini, R., Tozatti, M. G., Flauzino, L. G., Souza, M. G., Turatti, I. C., … Cunha, W. R. (2010). Antibacterial activity of the essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis and its major components against oral pathogens. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. C, 65, 588-93.
Bönecker, M., & Cleaton-Jones, P. (2003). Trends in dental caries in Latin American and Caribbean 5-6- and 11-13-year-old children: a systematic review. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 31, 152-157.
Correa-Royero, J., Tangarife, V., Durán, C., Stashenko, E., & Mesa-Arango, A. (2010). In vitro antifungal activity and cytotoxic effect of essential oils and extracts of medicinal and aromatic plants against Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 20, 734-741.
Costerton, J. W., Lewandowski, Z., DeBeer, D., Caldwell, D., Korber, D., & James, G. (1994). Biofilms, the customized microniche. Journal of Bacteriology, 176, 2137-2142.
de Araújo, D. B., Gonçalves, B. E. M., Martins, G. B., Lima, M. J. P., & Araújo, M. T. B. (2015). Saúde bucal: a importância dos enxaguatórios com antissépticos. Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas, 14, 88-93.
Denizot, F., & Lang, R. (1986). Rapid colorimetric assay for cell growth and survival. Journal of Immunological Methods, 89, 271-277.
Di Pasqua, R., Hoskins, N., Betts, G., & Mauriello, G. (2006). Changes in membrane fatty acids composition of microbial cells induced by addiction of thymol, carvacrol, limonene, cinnamaldehyde, and eugenol in the growing media. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54, 2745-2749.
Durán, D. C., Monsalve, L. A., Martínez, J. R., & Stashenko, E. E., (2007). Estudio comparativo de la composición química de aceites esenciales de Lippia alba provenientes de diferentes regiones de Colombia, y efecto del tiempo de destilación sobre la composición del aceite. Scientia Et Technica 2007, XIII (33), 435-438.
Duckworth, R. M. (2013). Pharmacokinetics in the Oral Cavity: Fluoride and Other Active Ingredients. Monographs in oral science, 23, 125-139.
Gbenou, J. D., Ahounou, J. F., Akakpo, H. B., Laleye, A., Yayi, E., Gbaguidi, F., … Kotchoni, S. O. (2013). Phytochemical composition of Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus citriodora essential oils and their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties on Wistar rats. Molecular Biology Reports, 40, 1127-1134.
Ghassemi, A., Vorwerk, L., Hooper, W., Patel, V., Sharma, N., & Qaqish, J. (2013). Comparative plaque removal efficacy of a new children’s powered toothbrush and a manual toothbrush The Journal of clinical dentistry, 24, 1-4.
Gunsolley, J. C. (2010). Clinical efficacy of antimicrobial mouthrinses. Journal of Dentistry, 38, S6-10.
Gupta, B., & Jain, N. (1978). Cultivation and utilization of Genus Cymbopogon in Indian. Indian Perfumer, 22, 55-68
Innovotech. (2015). MBECTM Assay For High-Throughput Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Biofilms. Recuperado de http://bit.ly/2ykWfeQ
International Organization for Standardization. (2009). ISO 10993-5 (3d ed.). 2009-06-01. Recuperado de www.iso.org
Invima. (2016). Listado de Plantas Medicinales Aceptadas con Fines Terapéuticos 21-12-2016. Recuperado de http://bit.ly/2f6N0Xi
James, P., Worthington, H. V., Parnell, C., Harding, M., Lamont, T., Cheung, A., … Riley, P. (2017). Chlorhexidine mouthrinse as an adjunctive treatment for gingival health (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3, CD008676.
Jensen, S. B., Pedersen, A. M. L., Vissink, A., Andersen, E., Brown, C. G., Davies, A. N., … Brennan, M. T. (2010). A systematic review of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by cancer therapies: Prevalence, severity and impact on quality of life. Support Care Cancer, 18, 1039-1060.
Jha, S. K., Mishra, V. K., Sharma, D. K., & Damodaran, T., (2011). Fluoride in the environment and its metabolism in humans. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 211, 121-142
Kalesinskas, P., Kačergius, T., Ambrozaitis, A., Pečiulienė, V., & Ericson, D. (2014). Reducing dental plaque formation and caries development. A review of current methods and implications for novel pharmaceuticals. Stomatologija, Baltic Dental and Maxillofacial Journal, 16, 44-52.
Koba, K., Sanda, K., Guyon, C., Raynaud, C., Chaumont, J-P., & Nicod, L. (2009). In vitro cytotoxic activity of Cymbopogon citratus L. and Cymbopogon nardus L. essential oils from Togo. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 4, 29-34.
Kolenbrander, P. E. (2000). Oral Microbial Communities: Biofilms, Interactions, and Genetic Systems. Annual Review of Microbiology, 54, 413-437.
Kpoviessi, S., Bero, J., Agbani, P., Gbaguidi, F., Kpadonou-Kpoviessi, B., Sinsin, B., … Quetin-Leclercq, J. (2014). Chemical composition, cytotoxicity and in vitro antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activity of the essential oils of four Cymbopogon species from Benin. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 151, 652-659.
Lang, G., & Buchbauer, G. (2012). A review on recent research results (2008-2010) on essential oils as antimicrobials and antifungals. A review. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 27, 13-39.
Li, C-M., & Yu, J-P. (2015). Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity and Mechanism of Action of Essential Oil from the Leaves of Macleaya Cordata (Willd.) R. Br. Journal of Food Safety, 35, 227-236.
Löe, H. (2000). Oral hygiene in the prevention of caries and periodontal disease. International Dental Journal, 50, 129-139.
Lopez-Romero, J. C., González-Ríos, H., Borges, A., & Simões, M. (2015). Antibacterial Effects and Mode of Action of Selected Essential Oils Components against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015, 1-9.
Lowe, O., & Lindemann, R. (1985). Assessment of the autistic patient’s dental needs and ability to undergo dental examination. Journal of Dentistry for Children, 52, 29-35.
Marsh, P. D. (2005). Dental plaque: Biological significance of a biofilm and community life-style. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 32, (suppl. 6), 7-15.
Marsh, P. D., Head, D. A., & Devine, D. A. (2015). Ecological approaches to oral biofilms: Control without killing. Caries Research, 49, 46-54.
Mavragani, C. P., & Moutsopoulos, H. M. (2010). The geoepidemiology of Sjögren’s syndrome. Autoimmunity Reviews, 9, A305-A310.
Ministerio de la proteccion social (MPS). (2004). Decreto número 2266 de 2004. Recuperado de http://bit.ly/2wCvFMj
Ministerio Nacional de Salud y Proteccion Social (Minsalud). (2014). IV estudio nacional de salud bucal (ENSAB). Bogota. Recuperado de http://bit.ly/2wrBxgf
Mosmann, T. (1983). Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of Immunological Methods, 65, 55-63.
Negrelle, R. R. B., & Gomes, E. C. (2007). Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf: chemical composition and biological activities. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 9, 80-92.
Newman, M., Takei, H., Klokkevold, P., & Carranza, F. (2006). Periodontología Clínica (10a ed). México: McGraw-Hill.
Oliveira, M. A. C., Borges, A. C., Brighenti, F. L., Salvador, M. J., Gontijo, A. V. L., & Koga-Ito, C. Y. (2017). Cymbopogon citratus essential oil: effect on polymicrobial caries-related biofilm with low cytotoxicity. Brazilian Oral Research, 31, 1-12.
Organización mundial de la salud (OMS). (2012). Salud bucodental: Nota informativa N°318. Recuperado de http://bit.ly/2y9XSLD
Ortega, E. (2015). Traditional uses of plants in the Colombian Orinoquia. Revista Universitaria en Ciencias de la Salud, 21, 16-28.
Pfister, D. G., Spencer, S., Brizel, D. M., Burtness, B., Busse, P. M., Caudell, J. J., … Hughes, M. (2015). Head and Neck Cancers, Version 1.2015. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 13, 847-55.
Rodrigues, J. A., Lussi, A., Seemann, R., & Neuhaus, K. W. (2011). Prevention of crown and root caries in adults. Periodontology 2000, 55, 231-249.
Saad, N. Y., Muller, C. D., & Lobstein, A. (2013). Major bioactivities and mechanism of action of essential oils and their components. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 28, 269-279.
Tofiño-Rivera, A., Ortega-Cuadros, M., Galvis-Pareja, D., Jimenez-Rios, H., Merini, L. J., & Martínez-Pabón, M. C. (2016). Effect of Lippia alba and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils on biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and cytotoxicity in CHO cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 194, 749-754.
Trujillo, W., & Correa-Múnera, M. (2010). Plants used by a Coreguaje indigenous community in the Colombian Amazon. Caldasia, 32, 1-20.
Twetman, S. (2004). Antimicrobials in future caries control? A review with special reference to chlorhexidine treatment. Caries Research, 38, 223-229.
Ulloa, A. (2011). The Politics of Autonomy of Indigenous Peoples of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia: A Process of Relational Indigenous Autonomy. Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies, 6, 79-107.
Vargas, F. S., Oliveira, C. F., Giro, E. M. A., Sacramento, L. V. S., Spolidorio, D. M. P., & Costa, C. A. S. (2010). Efeito antimicrobiano e citotóxico do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus sobre células odontoblastóides. Revista Odontológica do Brasil Central, 19, 101-107.
Varoni, E., Tarce, M., Lodi, G., & Carrassi, A. (2012). Chlorhexidine (CHX) in dentistry: state of the art. Minerva Stomatologica, 61, 399-419.
Vélez, I., Rátiva, S., & Varela, D. (2012). Cartografía social como metodología participativa y colaborativa de investigación en el territorio afrodescendiente de la cuenca alta del río Cauca. Cuadernos de Geografía, 21, 59-73.
Comments
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2018 Revista de Biología Tropical