Palabras clave
aguacate; ciruela; manzana; mora; polinización; abejas; moscas.
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: La interacción entre plantas y polinizadores es vital para la reproducción del 90% de las angiospermas y afecta tanto a los ecosistemas como a la agricultura. En regiones tropicales, el 94 % de las plantas requieren polinizadores, y en América Latina, el 58% de los cultivos dependen de la polinización por insectos. La estabilidad y complejidad de estas interacciones están influenciadas por factores como la morfología floral, que afecta la accesibilidad al néctar y la especialización de los polinizadores.
Objetivo: Comparar la diversidad y abundancia de insectos visitantes florales en cultivos de aguacate, manzana, ciruela y mora en San Gerardo de Dota, Costa Rica.
Métodos: Se muestrearon sistemáticamente insectos visitantes en estos cultivos, identificándolos taxonómicamente al nivel más bajo posible. Se estimó la diversidad alfa para cada cultivo y se comparamos la composición de la comunidad (diversidad beta) de insectos visitantes entre cultivos.
Resultados: Se recolectaron 2 806 insectos de 75 familias en los cuatro cultivos en 12 giras. La diversidad alfa fue mayor en aguacate para los índices 0D, 1D y 2D. Apis mellifera fue la especie más abundante, pero Diptera fue el grupo predominante en aguacate, especialmente moscas de las familias Syrphidae, Muscidae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Sciaridae y Tachinidae. La comunidad de insectos en aguacate fue diferente a la de los otros cultivos, mientras que en los otros tres la composición fue similar.
Conclusiones: El aguacate es generalista en términos de visitantes florales, posiblemente debido al tamaño de su corola, que atrae a moscas con piezas bucales cortas. Las flores de los otros cultivos tienen morfologías similares y son visitadas principalmente por abejas. La entomofauna nativa es abundante en estos cultivos, probablemente desempeñando un rol clave como polinizadores.
Citas
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