Abstract
To determine the long-term history of fire in the Chirripó highlands of Costa Rica, the charcoal content of a 110 cm sediment core from a glacial lake was analyzed. The core was raised from Lago Chirripó, the largest of the approximately thirty glacial lakes in the Chirripó massif. The basal sediments from the core yielded a radiocarbon date of 4110 yr. B.P. The charcoal record indicates that the watershed of the lake has burned repeatedly during the past four thousand years due to human activity, lightning, or both.References
Barrantes, M. 1965. Las sabanas en el sureste del país. Instituto Geográfico Nacional, San José, Costa Rica.
Boza, M. A. & A. Bonilla. 1978. Los parques nacionales de Costa Rica. INCAFO, Madrid.
Budowski, G. 1976. Comments made during a roundtable discussion on fires in Costa Rica and their impacts on forests and agriculture, Colegio de Costa Rica, 11 June 1976. Cited in the Excelsior [San José, Costa Rica] 12 June 1976: 1, 3.
Chaverri, A., C. Vaughan & L. J. Poveda. 1976. Informe de la gira efectuada al macizo de Chirripó al raíz del fuego ocurrido en Marzo de 1976. Rev. de Costa Rica 11: 243-279.
Chaverri, A., C. Vaughan & L. J. Poveda. 1977. Datos iniciales sobre la fragilidad de un páramo frente a los efectos de fuego (abstract), p. 26-28 In H. Wolda (ed.). Resúmenes recibidos para el IV Simposio
internacional de ecología tropical, 7-11 March 1977. Panamá.
Clark. R.L. 1982. Point count estimation of charcoal in pollen preparations and thin sections of sediments. Pollen et spores 24 (3-4): 523-535.
Clark, R. L. 1983. Fire history from fossil charcoal in lake and swamp sediments. Ph. D. Dissertation. Australian National University, Canberra.
Cleef, A. M. 1981. The vegetation of the páramos of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of Utreeht.
Coen, E. 1983. Climate, p. 35-46 In D. H. Janzen (ed.) Costa Rican Natural History. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Corlett, R.T. 1979. Human impact on the subalpine vegetation of Mt. Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea. Ph. D. Dissertation. Australian National University. Canberra.
Cuatrecasas, J. 1979. Comparación fitogeográfica de páramos entre varias cordilleras. p. 89-99 In M. L. Salgado-Labouriau (ed.). El medio ambiente páramo. Ediciones Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Mérida. Venezuela.
Dean, W. E., Jr. 1974. Determination of carbonate and organic matter in calcareous sediments and sedimentary rocks by loss on ignition: comparison with other methods. J. Sedim. Petrol. 44(1): 242-248.
Fosberg, F. R. 1944. El Páramo de Sumapaz, Colombia. J. N. Y. Bot. Garden 45: 226-234.
Gocke. K., E. Lahman, G. Rojas & J. Romero. 1981. Morphometric and basic limnological data of Laguna Grande de Chirripó, Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop. 29 (1): 165-[74.
González, E., T. van der Hammen & R. F. Flint. 1977. Late Quaternary glacial and vegetational sequence in Valle de Lagunillas, Sierra Nevada de Cocuy, Colombia. Leidse Geologische Mededelingen 32: 157-182.
Grubb, P. J. 1970. The impact of man on the páramo of Cerro Antisana, Ecuador. J. Appl. Ecol. 7 (2): 7p-8p.
Guhl, E. 1968. Los páramos circundantes de la Sabana de Bogotá, su ecología y su importancia para el régimen hidrológico de la misma, p. 195-212. In C. Troll (ed.) Geo-ecology of the mountainous regions of the tropical Americas. Colloquium Geographicum 9.
Hammen, T. van der. 1966. The Pliocene and the Quaternary of the Sabana de Bogotá (the Tilatá and Sabana formations). Geologie en Mijnbouw 45: 101-109.
Hammen, T. van der, 1979. Historia y tolerancia de
ecosistemas parameros, p. 55-66. In M. L. SalgadoLabouriau (ed.). El medio ambiente páramo. Ediciones Centro de Estudios Avanzados, Mérida, Venezuela.
Hartshorn, G. 1983. Plants: introduction, p. 118-157 In D. H. Janzen (ed.) Costa Rican Natural History, Chicago University Press, Chicago.
Hastenrath, S. 1973. On the Pleistocene glaciation of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica. Z. Gletscherkunde u. Glazialgeologie 9: 105-121.
Holdridge, L. R., W. C. Grenke, W. H. Hatheway, T. Liang & J. A. Tosi, Jr. 1971. Forest environments in tropical life zones: a pilot study. Pergamon Press. Oxford, England.
Horn, S. P. 1986. Fire and páramo vegetation in the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of California, Berkeley.
Horn, S. P. 1989. Postfire vegetation development in the Costa Rican páramos. Madroño 36(2): 93-114. press.
Janzen, D. H. 1973. Sweep samples of tropical foliage insects: description of study sites, with data on species abundances and size distributions. Ecology 54 (3), 659-678.
Janzen, D. H. 1983. Swallenochloa subtessellata (chusquea, batamba), p. 330-331. In D. H. Janzen (ed.) Costa Rican Natural History. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Kohkemper, M. 1968. Historia de las ascensiones al macizo de Chirripó. Instituto Geográfico Nacional, San José, Costa Rica.
Lauer, W. 1981. Ecoclimatological conditions of the páramo belt in the tropical high mountains. Mountain Res. Develop. 1(3-4): 209-221.
Lawton, R. 1983. Didymopanax pittieri (papayillo, didymopanax), p. 233-234 In D. H. Janzen (ed.) Costa Rica Natural History. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
McPhaul, J, 1985a. C. R, teams still battling forest fires. The Tico Times [San José, Costa Rica] 15 March 1985: 1,4.
McPhaul, J. 1985b. Fire reaches 'páramo'. The Tico Times [San José, Costa Rica] 29 March 1985: 1, 3.
Patterson m, w. A., K. J. Edwards, & D. J, Maguire. 1987. Microscopic charcoal as a fossil indicator of fire. Quat. Sci. Rev. 6: 3-23.
Pittier, H. 1891. Viaje de exploración al Valle del Río Grande de Térraba. Tipografía Nacional, San José, Costa Rica.
Stone, D. 1961. Las tribus Talamanqueñas de Costa Rica. Editorial Antonio Lehmann, San José, Costa Rica.
Stone, D. 1977. Pre-columbian man in Costa Rica. Peabody Museum Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Suman, D. O. 1983. Agricultural burning in Panama and Central America: burning parameters and the coastal sedimentary record. Ph. D. Dissertation. University of California, San Diego.
Swain, A. M. 1973. A history of fire aod vegetation in northeastern Minnesota as recorded in lake sediments. Quat. Res. 3: 383-396.
Valerío, C. E. 1983. Anotaciones sobre historia natural de Costa Rica. Editorial Universidad Estatal a Distancia, San José, Costa Rica.
Vaughan, C. A. Chaverri & L. J. Poveda. 1976. El macizo de Chirripó está resucitando. La Nación [San José, Costa Rica] 14 Dec. 1976: 5C.
Vaughan, C. & A. Chaverri. 1978. Analysis of root systems of some páramo species, p. 351-361. In Tropical Biology: An Ecological Approach, Coursebook 78. 1, Organization for Tropical Studies, Durham, North Carolina.
Weber, H. 1959. Los páramos de Costa Rica y su concatenación
fitogeográfica con los andes suramericanos. Instituto Geográfico Nacional, San José, Costa Rica.
Weston, A. S. 1976. Tierra desnuda, cenizas y brasas humeantes. La Nación (San José, Costa Rica] 30 Match 1976: 8A.
Weston, A. S. 1981. The vegetation and flora of the Chirripó páramo. Unpublished report on file at the Tropical Science Center. San José, Costa Rica.
World Meteorological Organization. 1953. World distribution of thunderstorm days. I. Tables. World Meteorologicaf Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
World Meteorological Organization. 1956. World distribution of thunderstorm days. II. Tables and world maps. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Comments
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 1989 Revista de Biología Tropical