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Palabras clave
Tephrosia candida
fish poisoning
Sinharaja forest.
planta exótica
Tephrosia candida
envenenamiento de peces
Reserva Sinharaja.
Cómo citar
Resumen
Las comunidades de algunos países asiáticos, africanos y americanos utilizan las toxinas de las plantas para pescar, sin embargo, los efectos de esta práctica en grupos de peces silvestres son desconocidos. Este estudio se llevó acabo con el objetivo de investigar los efectos del envenenamiento de peces con Tephrosia candida en la diversidad y abundancia de peces de agua dulce en riachuelos de la frontera la Reserva Sinharaja en Sri Lanka. En total se realizaron siete giras bimensuales al campo de mayo 2013 a junio 2014. Se muestrearon cinco riachuelos con condiciones ambientales y climáticas similares en la frontera de la reserva de Sinharaja. Como tratamientos se seleccionaron tres riachuelos con práctica activa de envenenamiento de peces y dos riachuelos sin envenenamiento de peces como controles. También, en intervalos bimensuales, se midieron los parámetros físico-químicos y de corriente del agua en riachuelos seleccionados. Se utilizó la electropesca y redes en tres sitios (6 x 2 m) seleccionados al azar a lo largo de cada riachuelo para el muestreo de peces. Se identificaron los peces a nivel de especie, se anotó su abundancia y se calculó el índice de diversidad de Shannon-Weiner para cada riachuelo. Con base en la matriz de similitud de Bray-Curtis se agruparon los riachuelos para composición y abundancia de peces. Los parámetros físico-químicos del agua fueron no significativamente distintos entre los riachuelos (P > 0.05). Se recolectó un total de 15 especies de peces que pertenecen a cuatro órdenes: Cypriniformes, Cyprinodontiformes, Perciformes y Siluriformes; nueve especies (60 %) fueron endémicas y seis (40 %) nativas. Trece especies se encontraron en riachuelos donde no se practica el envenenamiento mientras que cinco especies se encontraron en riachuelos donde sí se daba esta práctica. Cuatro especies endémicas y una nativa estaban extintas en riachuelos donde la práctica del envenenamiento era activa. La abundancia de peces fue significativamente alta en los riachuelos control (32-39/m2) al compararse con los tratamientos (5-9/m2) (P < 0.05). Se concluye que el envenenamiento de peces con T. candida puede haber resultado en una reducción significativa de la riqueza de especies, la abundancia total y el índice de diversidad de Shannon-Weiner de las especies de peces en los riachuelos estudiados en la frontera de la reserva Sinharaja. Se recomienda que esta práctica de pesca sea estrictamente regulada y que se informe a las comunidades locales acerca del estado legal del envenenamiento de peces, sus consecuencias y de la importancia de la diversidad de peces para el sustento local y para propósitos de conservación.Citas
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