Revista de Biología Tropical ISSN Impreso: 0034-7744 ISSN electrónico: 2215-2075

OAI: https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/oai
Effects of habitat management on different feeding guilds of herbivorous insects in cacao agroforestry systems
PT 64-2 JUN 2016
HTML
PDF

Keywords

Theobroma cacao
biodiversity
land use
conservation
forest management.
Theobroma cacao
biodiversidad
uso de suelo
conservación
manejo de bosques.

How to Cite

Novais, S., Macedo-Reis, L. E., DaRocha, W. D., & Neves, F. S. (2016). Effects of habitat management on different feeding guilds of herbivorous insects in cacao agroforestry systems. Revista De Biología Tropical, 64(2), 763–777. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v64i2.19100

Abstract

Human pressure on natural habitats increases the importance of agroforests for biodiversity conservation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of cacao traditional cultivation system (CTCS) on the conservation of the herbivorous insect community when compared with a monodominant rubber agroforest, a type of agricultural system for cacao cultivation. The insects were sampled in three habitats in Southeastern Bahia, Brazil: native forests, CTCS and rubber agroforests. In each habitat, 18 plots of 10 m2 were established, and the structural measures were collected and herbivorous insects were sampled with a Malaise/window trap. The diversity of folivorous decreased with the simplification of vegetation structure, but species composition was similar among habitats. In addition to a decrease in the availability of resources in monodominant rubber agroforests, the latex present in these systems have limited the occurrence of species that cannot circumvent latex toxicity. The diversity of sap-sucking insects was similar among habitats, but species composition was similar only in the CTCS and native forest, and it was different in the rubber agroforest. We observed turnover and a higher frequency of individuals of the family Psyllidae in the rubber agroforest. The biology and behavior of Psyllids and absence of natural enemies enable their diversity to increase when they are adapted to a new host. We observed a shift in the composition of xylophagous insects in the rubber agroforest compared to that in other habitats. Moreover, this agroforest has low species richness, but high individual abundance. Latex extraction is likely an important additional source of volatile compounds discharged into the environment, and it increases the attraction and recruitment of coleoborers to these sites. We concluded that CTCS has an herbivorous insect community with a structure similar to the community found in native forests of the region, and they present a more interesting conservation strategy when compared to rubber agroforests. We also emphasized the potential risk of local pest outbreaks in rubber agroforests for both the rubber and associated cacao trees.
https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v64i2.19100
HTML
PDF

References

Agrawal, A. A., & Konno, K. (2009). Latex: a model for understanding mechanisms, ecology, and evolution of plant defense against herbivory. Annual Review Ecology Evolution Systematics, 40, 311-331.

Agrawal, A. A., & Kotanen, P. M. (2003). Herbivores and the success of exotic plants: a phylogenetically controlled experiment. Ecology Letters, 6, 712-715.

Agrawal, A. A., & Van Zandt, P. A. (2003). Ecological play in the coevolutionary theater: genetic and environmental determinants of attack by a specialist weevil on milkweed. Journal of Ecology, 91, 1049-1059.

Alger, K., & Caldas, M. (1994). The declining cocoa economy and the Atlantic Forest of Southern Bahia, Brazil: conservation attitudes of cocoa planters. Environmentalist, 14, 107-119.

Anderson, M. J. (2001). A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecology, 26, 32-46.

Araujo, M., Alger, K., Rocha, M., & Mequita, C. A. B. (1998). A Mata Atlântica do Sul da Bahia-situação atual, ações e perspectivas. Serie Cadernos Reserva Biosfera Mata Atlântica, 8, 1-35.

Awmack, C. S., & Leather, S. R. (2002). Host plant quality and fecundity in herbivorous insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 47(1), 817-844.

Basset, Y. 1988. A composite interception trap for sampling arthropods in tree canopies. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 27, 213-219.

Basset, Y., Novotny, V., Miller, S. E., & Kitching, R. L. (2003). Arthopods of Tropical Forests: spatio-temporal dynamics & resource use in the canopy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bos, M. M., Höhn, P., Shahabuddin, S., Buchori, D., Steffan-Dewenter, I., & Tscharntke, T. (2007a). Insect responses to forest conversion and agroforestry management. In T. Tscharntke, C. Leuschner, E. Guhardja, & M. Zeller (Eds), The stability of tropical rainforest margins: linking ecological, economic and social constraints of land-use and conservation (pp. 279-296). Berlin: Springer.

Bos, M. M., Steffan-Dewenter, I., & Tscharntke, T. (2007b). Shade tree management affects fruit abortion, insect pests and pathogens of cacao. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 120(2), 201-205.

Bos, M. M., Steffan-Dewenter, I., & Tscharntke, T. (2007c). The contribution of cacao agroforests to the conservation of lower canopy ant and beetle diversity in Indonesia. Biodiversity and Conservation, 16(8), 2429-2444.

Brändle, M., Kühn, I., Klotz, S., Belle, C., & Brandl, R. (2008). Species richness of herbivores on exotic host plants increases with time since introduction of the host. Diversity and Distributions, 14, 905-912.

Brodbeck, B. V., Mizell III, R. F., French, W. J., Andersen, P. C., & Aldrich, J. H. (1990). Amino acids as determinants of host preference for the xylem feeding leafhopper, Homalodisca coagulata. Oecologia, 83, 338-345.

Butignol, C. A., & Pedrosa-Macedo, J. H. (2003). Biologia de Neotrioza tavaresi Crawford, 1925 (Hemiptera, Psyllidae), galhador da folha do araçazeiro (Psidium cattleianum). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 47(1), 1-7.

Cassano, C. R., Schroth, G., Faria, D., Delabie, J. H. C., & Bede, L. (2008). Landscape and farm scale management to enhance biodiversity conservation in the cocoa producing region of southern Bahia, Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation, 18, 577-603.

Cornelissen, T., & Stiling, P. (2006). Responses of different herbivore guilds to nutrient addition and natural enemy exclusion. Ecoscience, 13(1), 66-74.

Crawley, M. J. (2007). The R Book. (1th ed.). Jhon Willey & Sons Ltd.

Cruz, P. L., Equihua-Martínez, A., Romero-Nápoles, J., Sánchez, S., García-López, E., & Bravo-Mojica, H. (2009). Escolítidos (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) asociados al agroecosistema cacao en Tabasco, México. Neotropical Entomology, 38(5), 602-609.

Deitenbach, A., Floriani, G., Dubois, J., & Vivan, J. (2008). Manual agroflorestal para a Mata Atlântica. Brasília: Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário, Secretaria de Agricultura Familiar.

Díaz, S., Lavorel, S., de Bello, F., Quétier, F., Grigulis, K., & Robson, T. M. (2007). Incorporating plant functional diversity effects in ecosystem service assessments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(52), 20684-20689.

Flechtmann, C. A. H., Ottati, A. L. T., & Berisford, C. W. (2001). Ambrosia and bark beetles (Scolytidae: Coleoptera) in pine and eucalypt stands in southern Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management, 142(1), 183-191.

Fonseca, G. A. B., Alger, K., Pinto, L. P., Araujo, M., & Cavalcanti, R. (2004). Corredores de biodiversidade: o corredor central da Mata Atlântica. In M. B. Arruda, L. F. S. N. Sá (Eds.), Corredores Ecológicos: uma Abordagem Integradora de Ecossistemas no Brasil (pp 47-65). Brasília: IBAMA.

Frazer, G., Canham, C., & Lertzman, K. (1999). Light Analyzer (GLA), Version 2.0: Imaging software to extract canopy structure and gap light transmission indices from true-colour fisheye photographs, users manual and program documentation. New York: Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, and the Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook.

Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais. (2008). Atlas dos remanescentes florestais da Mata Atlântica período 2000-2005. São Paulo: Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica/INPE.

Gaba, S., Bretagnolle, F., Rigaud, T., & Philippot, L. (2014). Managing biotic interactions for ecological intensification of agroecosystems. Agroecology and Land Use Systems, 2, 1-9.

Halbert, S. E., & Manjunath, K. L. (2004). Asian citrus psyllids (Sternorrhyncha: Psyllidae) and greening disease of citrus: a literature review and assessment of risk in Florida. Florida Entomologist, 87(3), 330-353.

Hatcher, P. E., Paul, N. D., Ayres, P. G., & Whittaker, J. B. (1994). The effect of a foliar disease (rust) on the development of Gastrophysa viridula (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Ecological Entomology, 19(4), 349-360.

Heijari, J., Nerg, A. M., Kainulainen, P., Noldt, U., Levula, T., Raitio, H., & Holopainen, J. K. (2008). Effect of long-term forest fertilization on Scots pine xylem quality and wood borer performance. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 34(1), 26-31.

Huang, J., McAuslane, H. J., & Nuessly, G. S. (2003). Resistance in lettuce to Diabrotica balteata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): the roles of latex and inducible defense. Environmental Entomology, 32(1), 9-16.

Hulcr, J., Mogia, M., Isua, B., & Novotny, V. (2007). Host specificity of ambrosia and bark beetles (Col., Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) in a New Guinea rainforest. Ecological Entomology, 32, 762-772.

Johns, N. D. (1999). Conservation in Brazil’s chocolate forest: the unlikely persistence of the traditional cocoa agroecosystem. Environmental Management, 23, 31-47.

Kangkamanee, T., Sittichaya, W., Ngampongsai, A., Permkam, S., & Beaver, R. A. (2011). Wood-boring beetles (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae, Curculionidae; Platypodinae and Scolytinae) infesting rubber wood sawn timber in southern Thailand. Journal of Forest Research, 16(4), 302-308.

Kessler, M., Abrahamczyk, S., Bos, M., Buchori, D., Putra, D. D., Gradstein, S. R., … Tscharntke, T. (2009). Alpha and beta diversity of plants and animals along a tropical land-use gradient. Ecological Applications, 19, 2142-2156.

Kimmerer, T. W., & Kozlowski, T. T. (1982). Ethylene, ethane, acetaldehyde, and ethanol production by plants under stress. Plant Physiology, 69, 840-847.

Klein, A. M., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Buchori, D., & Tscharntke, T. (2002a). Effects of land-use intensity in tropical agroforestry systems on flower-visiting and trap-nesting bees and wasps. Conservation Biology, 16, 1003-1014.

Klein, A. M., Steffan-Dewenter, I., & Tscharntke, T. (2002b). Predator–prey ratios on cocoa along a land-use gradient in Indonesia. Biodiversity and Conservation, 11(4), 683-693.

Lewinsohn, T. M. (1991). The geographical distribution of plant latex. Chemoecology, 2, 64-68.

Marques, J. R. B., & Monteiro, W. R. (2006). Adoção do sistema agroflorestal cacau x seringa-melhoria de condições de cultivo e agregação de valores. In 28a Semana do Fazendeiro (pp. 9-14). Itabuna: CEPLAC/CENEX/EMARC.

McKinney, M. L., & Lockwood, J. L. (1999). Biotic homogenization: a few winners replacing many losers in the next mass extinction. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 14(11), 450-453.

Michaud, J. P., & Grant, A. K. (2010). Variation in fitness of the longhorned beetle, Dectes texanus, as a function of host plant. Journal of Insect Science, 10, 1-14.

Moran, C. V., & Southwood, T. R. E. (1982). The guild composition of arthropod communities in trees. Journal of Animal Ecology, 51, 289-306.

Mori, S. A. (1989). Eastern Extra-Amazonian Brasil. In D. G. Campbell, H. D. Hammond (Eds.), Floristic Inventory of Tropical Countries: The Status of Plant Systematics, Collections, and Vegetation, Plus Recommendations for the Future (pp. 427-455). NY: The New York Botanical Garden.

Munyaneza, J. E. (2010). Psyllids as vectors of emerging bacterial diseases of annual crops. Southwestern Entomologist, 35(3), 471-477.

Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., Fonseca, G. A., & Kent, J. (2000). Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403, 853-858.

Neves, F. S., Silva, J. O., Espírito-Santo, M. M., & Fernandes, G. W. (2014). Insect Herbivores and Leaf Damage along Successional and Vertical Gradients in a Tropical Dry Forest. Biotropica, 46(1), 14-24.

Neves, F. S., Sperber, C. F., Campos, R. I., Soares, J. P., & Ribeiro, S. P. (2013). Contrasting effects of sampling scale on insect herbivores distribution in response to canopy structure. Revista de Biología Tropical, 61(1), 125-137.

Oliveira, M. D., & Luz, E. D. M. N. (2005). Identificação e manejo das principais doenças do cacaueiro no Brasil. Ilhéus: CEPLAC/CEPEC/SEFIT.

Otieno, M., Woodcock, B. A., Wilby, A., Vogiatzakis, I. N., Mauchline, A. L., Gikungu, M. W., & Potts, S. G. (2011). Local management and landscape drivers of pollination and biological control services in a Kenyan agro-ecosystem. Biological Conservation, 144(10), 2424-2431.

Pardini, R., Faria, D., Accacio, G. M., Laps, R. R., Mariano-Neto, E., Paciencia, M. L. B., Dixo, M., & Baumgarten, J. (2009). The challenge of maintaining Atlantic forest biodiversity: A multi-taxa conservation assessment of specialist and generalist species in an agro-forestry mosaic in southern Bahia. Biological Conservation, 142, 1178-1190.

Peiera, J. L., Ram, A., Figueiredo, J. M., & Almeida, L. C. C. (1990). First occurrence of witches' broom disease in the principal cocoa-growing region of Brazil. Tropical Agriculture, 67(2), 188-189.

Perfecto, I., Mas, A., Dietsch, T., & Vandermeer, J. (2003). Conservation of biodiversity in coffee agroecosystems: a tri-taxa comparison in southern Mexico. Biodiversity and Conservation, 12, 1239-1252.

Polis, G. A., & Strong, D. R. (1996). Food web complexity and community dynamics. American Naturalist, 813-846.

Price, P. W., Bouton, C. E., Gross, P., McPheron, B. A., Thompson, J. N., & Weis, A. E. (1980). Interactions among three trophic levels: influence of plants on interactions between insect herbivores and natural enemies. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 11, 41-65.

R Development Core Team. (2014). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Version 2.13. User’s guide and application published: http://www.R-project.org.

Rafael, J. A., Melo, G. A. R., Carvalho, C. J. B., Casari, S. A., & Constantino, R. (2012). Insetos do Brasil: Diversidade e Taxonomia. Ribeirão Preto: Holos Editora.

Ranger, C. M., Reding, M. E., Persad, A. B., & Herms, D. A. (2010). Ability of stress‐related volatiles to attract and induce attacks by Xylosandrus germanus and other ambrosia beetles. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 12(2), 177-185.

Rice, R. A., & Greenberg, R. (2000). Cacao cultivation and the conservation of biological diversity. Ambio, 29, 167-173.

Saatchi, S., Agosti, D., Alger, K., Delabie, J., & Musinsky, J. (2001). Examining fragmentation and loss of primary forest in the southern bahian atlantic forest of brazil with radar imagery. Conservation Biology, 15, 867-875.

Sala, O. E., Chapin, F. S., Armesto, J. J., Berlow, E., Bloomfield, J., Dirzo, R., …Wall, D. H. (2000). Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science, 287(5459), 1770-1774.

Sambuichi, R. H., Vidal, D. B., Piasentin, F. B., Jardim, J. G., Viana, T. G., Menezes, A. A., …Baligar, V. C. (2012). Cabruca agroforests in southern Bahia, Brazil: tree component, management practices and tree species conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21(4), 1055-1077.

Sanchez-Azofeifa, G. A., Kalacska, M. E. R., Gamon, J., Rodriguez, J. P., Lawrence, D., Dutchak, K., …Human., Y. H. (2007). Ecological and Biophysical Dimension of Tropical Dry Forest. Manual of Methods, 48-104.

Schroth, G., Krauss, U., Gasparotto, L., Aguilar, J. D., & Vohland, K. (2000). Pests and diseases in agroforestry systems of the humid tropics. Agroforestry Systems, 50(3), 199-241.

Schulze, C. H, Waltert, M., Kessler, P. J. A., Pitopang, R., Shahabuddin, Veddeler, D., …Tscharntke, T. (2004). Biodiversity indicator groups of tropical land use systems: comparing plants, birds and insects. Ecological Applications, 14, 1321-1333.

Silva, J. O., Oliveira, K. N., Santos, K. J., Espírito-Santo, M. M., Neves, F. S., & Faria, M. L. (2010). Efeito da Estrutura da Paisagem e do Genótipo de Eucalyptus na Abundância e Controle Biológico de Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Neotropical Entomology, 39, 91-96.

Sperber, C., Nakayama, K., Valverde, M. J., & Neves, F. S. (2004). Tree species richness and density affect parasitoid diversity in cacao agroforestry. Basic and Applied Ecology, 5, 241-251.

Steffan-Dewenter, I., Kessler, M., Barkmann, J., Bos, M. M., Buchori, D., Erasmi, S., …Tscharntke, T. (2007). Tradeoffs between income, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning during tropical rainforest conversion and agroforestry intensification. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(12), 4973-4978.

Stein, A., Gerstner, K., & Kreft, H. (2014). Environmental heterogeneity as a universal driver of species richness across taxa, biomes and spatial scales. Ecology letters, 17(7), 866-880.

Strong, D. R., Lawton, J. H., & Southwood, T. R. E. (1984). Insects on plants. Community patterns and mechanisms. London: Blackwell.

Tabarelli, M., Peres, C. A., & Melo, F. P. (2012). The ‘few winners and many losers’ paradigm revisited: Emerging prospects for tropical forest biodiversity. Biological Conservation, 155, 136-140.

Thomas, W. (2003). Natural vegetation types in southern Bahia. In P. I. Prado (Eds.), Corredor De Biodiversidade Da Mata Atlântica Do Sul Da Bahia. Publicação Em CDROM, Ilhéus, IESB/CI/CABS/UFMG/UNICAMP.

Tscharntke, T., Klein, A. M., Kruess, A., Steffan‐Dewenter, I., & Thies, C. (2005). Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity–ecosystem service management. Ecology letters, 8(8), 857-874.

Tylianakis, J. M., Tscharntke, T., & Klein, A. M. (2006). Diversity, ecosystem function, and stability of parasitoid-host interactions across a tropical habitat gradient. Ecology, 87(12), 3047-3057.

Weis, A. E., & Berenbaum, M. R. (1989). Herbivorous insects and green plants. In W. G. Abrahamson (Ed.): Plant-animal Interactions (pp. 123-162). New York: McGraw Hill-Book.

Wilby, A., Heong, K. L., Huyen, N. P. D., Quang, N. H., Minh, N. V., & Thomas, M. B. (2006). Arthropod diversity and community structure in relation to land use in the Mekong delta, Vietnam. Ecosystems, 9(4), 538-549.

Wilby, A., & Thomas, M. B. (2002). Natural enemy diversity and pest control: patterns of pest emergence with agricultural intensification. Ecology Letters, 5(3), 353-360.

Zhou, Z. S., Guo, J. Y., Chen, H. S., & Wan, F. H. (2010). Effect of humidity on the development and fecundity of Ophraella communa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). BioControl, 55(2), 313-319.

Comments

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2016 Revista de Biología Tropical

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.