Resumen
Los cromosomas plumulados aparecen en los ovocitos de muchos organismos durante el diplotene de la meiosis. Cada una de las cromátidas de estos cromosomas consta de una fibra de desoxiribonucleo proteína que a intervalos regulares se arrolla sobre sí dando origen a los cromómeros. Por lo general se asocian a cada cromómero dos, o un múltiplo de dos asas, producto de una intensa transcripción. Cada cromómero contiene varios cistrones, en contraste con lo encontrado en cromosomas politénicos de dípteros. Las asas representan unidades de transcripción donde se copian secuencias repetidas y únicas. Cada cromómero podría constar de una familia de secuencias repetidas o simplemente de secuencias con un contenido similar de bases.
Se han planteado varias hipótesis acerca del funcionamiento de los cromosomas plumulados, conocidas como la del "amo-esclavo", las de re programación y las propuestas recientes de Cavalier-Smith. En esta revisión se discuten estas hipótesis y con base en ellas se establecen predicciones que experimentos futuros decidirían cuál de ellas explica en forma consistente el papel que juegan los cromosomas plumulados.
Citas
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