Palabras clave
fish
amphibians
reptiles
birds
mammals
thyroid
reproduction
adrenal
disrupción endocrina
peces
anfibios
reptiles
aves
mamíferos
tiroides
adrenales
Cómo citar
Resumen
En anfibios, a nivel mundial esta ocurriendo una disminución de las poblaciones y sus causas varían entre regiones, con la disrupción endocrina inducida por contaminantes como una de las causas que frustra el crecimiento poblacional. En reptiles, las poblaciones locales de lagartos han sido reducidas drásticamente por exposición directa a sustancia toxicas y su recuperación ha sido demorada probablemente por disrupción sexual, particularmente por la feminización inducida por exposición crónica a contaminantes. En contraste, tortugas lagarto altamente contaminadas muestran características sexuales secundarias feminizadas, evidencia de desarrollo sexual alterado, pero las poblaciones son más numerosas en los sitios más contaminados. En aves, el decrecimiento de las poblaciones y su recuperación han sido directamente ligadas con la exposición a residuos de p, p-DDE a través del adelgazamiento de la cáscara del huevo y con la prohibición del uso del compuesto DDT en USA y Europa. Aves depredadoras regionales todavía sufren mortalidad de polluelos relacionada con cargas de PCB y DDT, pero no han sido demostrados vínculos causales con procesos mediados via endocrina. En mamíferos, han sido documentados desórdenes hormonales inducidos por contaminantes en focas y osos polares, pero no hay evidencia directa que ligue efectos endocrinos con la disminución de las poblaciones. No obstante que la disrupción endocrina raramente es la única causa de fallos en reclutamiento o disminución de las abundancias, puede ser un saboteador sutil del desarrollo sexual, tasa de sexos, y compensación metabólica ante el estrés ambiental. La disrupción endocrina es poco probable que llegue a extirpar una especie de su ámbito entero, pero en combinación con otros tensores como pérdida de habitat, extracción excesiva, y cambio climático global, podría contribuir a extinciones locales.Citas
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