Archivos suplementarios
Palabras clave
genetic impact
microsatellites
release
Litopenaeus vannamei
diversidad genética
impacto genético
microsatélites
repoblación
Litopenaeus vannamei
Cómo citar
Resumen
La liberación o escape de lotes de cultivo pueden impactar la composición y variabilidad genética de las poblaciones silvestres, dando lugar a diversos problemas que pueden comprometer la eficacia biológica a largo plazo. Por lo tanto, es relevante determinar si las poblaciones de cultivo se encuentran actualmente interactuando con las poblaciones silvestres. El cultivo de camarón es una actividad de acuicultura que tiene lugar a lo largo de la costa del Pacífico tropical de América, y es la más importante en el noroeste de México. En este estudio, el camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei silvestre y de cultivo proveniente del Estado de Sinaloa, México, fueron evaluados genéticamente para determinar los niveles de mezcla. Se desarrolló un lote de 14 marcadores microsatélites nuevos (número de alelos promedio por locus de 11.8 y heterocigosidad esperada promedio de 0.836), mediante secuenciación de nueva generación, para la caracterización de las muestras. El muestreo consistió en camarón silvestre recolectado durante tres años (2002, 2012 y 2013) y dos lotes de unidades productoras de larva del 2007. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre años en las muestras silvestres, pero el análisis de agrupamiento indicó que los lotes de las unidades productoras de larva fueron distintos a los ejemplares silvestres. Desviaciones del equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg y los análisis de asignación de genotipos indicaron que una fracción de cada una de las muestras silvestres podría contener individuos originados del larvicultivo. Se discuten las razones que explican la liberación de camarón de cultivo intencional y no intencional al medio silvestre. Aun cuando la fracción estimada de individuos de origen de cultivo en las muestras silvestres más recientes (2012-2013; promedio = 7.1 %) se considera de bajo riesgo, se dan recomendaciones de manejo para unidades de larvicultura y granjas de cultivo.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2018 Revista de Biología Tropical