Palabras clave
especies indicadoras
contaminacion marina
diversidad
metales
plaguicidas
materia organica
estuario tropical
Costa Rica
polychaete
indicator species
marine pollution
community diversity
heavy metals
pesticides
organics
biomarkers
tropical
Costa Rica
Cómo citar
Resumen
Los poliquetos son usualmente el taxón más abundante en comunidades bentónicas y han sido muy utilizados como especies indicadoras de condiciones ambientales. Esta revisión encuentra que, mientras el uso de especies indicadoras para un contaminante en particular no es simple, los poliquetos pueden proveer un medio util para evaluar los efectos de condiciones ambientales pobres. Los poliquetos pueden ser usados como indicadores sensibles de la calidad de agua, especialmente en términos de los efectos de contaminantes en las características del ciclo de vida. También pueden ser utilizados como indicadores generales de la diversidad de la comunidad pero aquellas especies indicadoras de baja diversidad pueden ser diferentes geográficamente y temporalmente. Mientras que las aguas servidas son generalmente una mezcla con mucho material orgánico y otros contaminantes como metales pesados y plaguicidas, las situaciones de alto contenido de material orgánico asociadas con acuacultura indican que miembros del complejo de especies Capitella capitata y del género de dorvilleidos Ophryotrocha son a menudo dominantes. Algunas especies de poliquetos son capaces de vivir en sedimentos con alto contenido de metales traza y la carga corporal de estos metales a menudo no refleja las concentraciones en los sedimentos debido a regulacion por estas especies. Muchas especies parecen relativamente resistentes a contaminantes orgánicos y plaguicidas y los efectos de estos contaminantes en los ciclos de vida pueden proveer un método de evaluación mas sensible. Estudios recientes han tenido algun éxito usando biomarcadores en poliquetos para indicar contaminación general por metales pesados o plaguicidas. Una lista, de especies de poliquetos conocidas por ocurrir en densidades apreciables en el Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica, y que a menudo han sido usadas como indicadoras de contaminacion, se incluye como taxa con potencial para monitoreo ambiental en este estuario tropical.Citas
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