Palabras clave
Pocillopora damicornis
Costa Rica
corals
receptores nucleares
Pocillopora damicornis
Costa Rica
corales
Cómo citar
Resumen
En el reino animal, los receptores nucleares modulan la transcripción para regular diversos procesos incluyendo el desarrollo embrionario, la homeostasis energética y la diferenciación sexual. Hasta la fecha, las secuencias de los receptores nucleares, se han registrado en sólo unas pocas especies cnidarian y poco se sabe acerca de los receptores nucleares en función de cnidarios. Hemos identificado tres genes de los receptores nucleares en colonias de coral de Pocillopora damicornis (PdNR1, PdNR6, y PdNR7). El cDNA y deducir las secuencias de aminoácidos indican que estos tres genes están estrechamente relacionados con los receptores nucleares se ha informado anteriormente en larvas plánula de Acropora millepora (AmNR1, AmNR6, y AmNR7). Ninguno de los tres receptores nucleares de P. damicornis son aparentes homólogos de receptores ligando- activados conocidos. Dos son los más estrechamente relacionados con los genes de vertebrados importantes en la diferenciación neuronal y la señalización (subfamilia 2E, los genes “sin cola” y subfamilia 2F, COUP-TFs). La tercera no puede ser inequívocamente clasificada sin una subfamilia reconocida en la actualidad. Son necesarios estudios futuros para describir las funciones de los receptores nucleares cnidarian en el desarrollo y la fisiología.Citas
Bain, D., A. Heneghan, K. Connaghan-Jones & M. Miura. 2007. Nuclear receptor structure: implications for function. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 69: 201-220.
Beato, M., P. Herrlich & G. Schutz. 1995. Steroid hormone receptors: many actors in search of a plot. Cell 83: 851-857.
Blumberg, B. & R. Evans. 1998. Orphan nuclear receptors-- new ligands and new possibilities. Gene. Dev. 12: 3149-3155.
Chan, S.M., N. Xu, C. Niemeyer, J. Bone & C. Flytzanis. 1992. SpCOUP-TF: a sea urchin member of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor family. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 10568-10572.
Chawla, A., J. Repa, R. Evans & D. Mangelsdorf. 2001. Nuclear receptors and lipid physiology: opening the X-files. Science 294: 1866-1870.
Cheek, A. 2006. Subtle sabotage: endocrine disruption in wild populations. Rev. Biol. Trop. 54 (Suppl. 1): 1-19.
Chomczynski, P. & N. Sacchi. 1987. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanatephenol- choroform extraction. Anal. Biochem. 162: 156-159.
deFur, P.L., M. Crane, L.J. Tattersfield & C.G. Ingersoll. 1999 Endocrine Disruption in Invertebrates: Endocrinology, Testing, and Assessment. Workshop on Endocrine Disruption in Invertebrates: Endocrinology, Testing, and Assessment; 1998 Dec 12-15; Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC), Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.
Escriva, H., R. Safi, C. Hanni, M.C. Langlois, P. Saumitou- Laprade, D. Stehelin, A. Capron, R. Pierce & V. Laudet. 1997. Ligand binding was acquired during the evolution of nuclear receptors. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 6803-6908.
Fjose, A., S. Nornes, U. Weber & M. Mlodzik. 1993. Functional conservation of vertebrate seven-up related genes in neurogenesis and eye development. EMBO J. 12: 1403-1414.
Gauchat, D., H. Escriva, M. Miljkovic-Licina, S. Chera, M. Langlois, A. Begue, V. Laudet & B. Galliot. 2004. The orphan COUP-TF nuclear receptors are markers for neurogenesis from cnidarians to vertebrates. Dev. Biol. 275: 104-123.
Giguere, V., N. Yang, P. Segui & R. Evans. 1988. Identification of a new class of steroid hormone receptors. Nature 331: 91-94.
Gissendanner, C., K. Crossgrove, K. Kraus, C. Maina & A. Sluder. 2004. Expression and function of conserved nuclear receptor genes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Dev. Biol. 266: 399-416.
Grasso, L.C., D.C. Hayward, J.W.H. Trueman, K.M. Hardie, P.A. Janssens & E.E. Ball. 2001. The evolution of nuclear receptors: evidence from the coral Acropora. Mol. Phylogenetics Evol. 21: 93-102.
Grimmelikhuijzen, C. 1983. FMRFamide immunoreactivity is generally occurring in the nervous system of coelenterates. Histochemistry 78: 361-381.
Grimmelikhuijzen, C., I. Leviev & K. Carstensen. 1996. Peptides in the nervous systems of cnidarians: structure, function, and biosynthesis. Int. Rev. Cytol. 167: 37-89.
Grimmelikhuijzen, C. & A. Spencer. 1984. FMRFamide immunoreactivity in the nervous system of the medusa Polyorchis penicillatus. J. Comp. Neurol. 230: 361-371.
Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J.P., M. Williamson & G.N. Hansen. 2002. Neuropeptides in cnidarians. Can. J. Zool. 80: 1690-1702.
Hall, T. A. 1999. Bioedit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95-98.
Handschin, C. & U. Meyer. 2003. Induction of drug metabolism: the role of nuclear receptors. Pharmacol. Rev. 55: 649-673.
Kobayashi, M., S. Takezawa, K. Hara, R. Yu, Y. Umesono, K. Agata, M. Taniwaki, K. Yasuda & K. Umesono. 1999. Identification of a photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 4814-4819.
Kostrouch, Z., M. Kostrouchova, W. Love, E. Jannini, J. Piatigorsky & J.E. Rall. 1998. Retinoic acid X receptor in the diploblast, Tripedalia cystophora. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 13442-13447.
Kozmik, Z., M. Daube, E. Frei, B. Norman, L. Kos, L. Dishaw, M. Noll & J. Piatigorsky. 2003. Role of Pax genes in eye evolution: a cnidarian PaxB gene uniting Pax2 and Pax6 functions. Dev. Cell. 5: 773-785.
Langlois, M.C., J.M. Vanacker, N.D. Holland, H. Escriva, C. Queva, V. Laudet & L.Z. Holland. 2000. Amphicoup-TF, a nuclear orphan receptor of the lancelet Branchiostoma floridae, is implicated in retinoic acid signalling pathways. Dev. Gene. Evol. 210: 471-482.
Laudet, V. 1997. Evolution of the nuclear receptor superfamily: early diversification from an ancestral orphan receptor. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 19: 207-226.
Laudet, V., C. Hanni, J. Coll, F. Catzeflis & D. Stehelin. 1992. Evolution of the nuclear receptor gene superfamily. EMBO J. 11: 1003-1013.
Leitz, T. 2001. Endocrinology of the Cnidaria: State of the art. Zoology-Analysis of Complex Systems 103: 202-221.
Lu, X., G. Salbert & M. Pfahl. 1994. An evolutionarily conserved COUP-TF binding element in a neural-specific gene and COUP-TF expression patterns support a major role for COUP-TF in neural development. Mol. Endocrinol. 8: 1774-1788.
Maglich, J., A. Sluder, X. Guan, Y. Shi, D. McKee, K. Carrick, K. Kamdar, T. Willson & J. Moore. 2001. Comparison of complete nuclear receptor sets from the human, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila genomes. Genome Biol. 2: 1-7.
Mangelsdorf, D. & R. Evans. 1995. The RXR heterodimers and orphan receptors. Cell 83: 841-850.
Mangelsdorf, D., C. Thummel, M. Beato, P. Herrlich, G. Schutz, K. Umsono, B. Blumberg, P. Kastner, M. Mark, P. Chambon et al. 1995. The nuclear receptor superfamily: the second decade. Cell 83: 835-839.
Marcus, S., C. Winrow, J. Capone & R. Rachubinski. 1996. A p56lck ligand serves as a coactivator of an orphan nuclear hormone receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 27197-27200.
McLachlan, J. 2001. Environmental signaling: what embryos and evolution teach us about endocrine disrupting chemicals. Endocrine Rev. 22: 319-341.
Miljkovic-Licina, M., D. Gauchat & B. Galliot. 2004. Neuronal evolution: analysis of regulatory genes in a first-evolved nervous system, the hydra nervous system. Biosystems 76: 75-87.
Miller, D., D. Hayward, J. Reece-Hoyes, I. Scholten, J. Catmull, W. Gehring, P. Callaerts, J. Larsen & E. Ball. 2000. Pax gene diversity in the basal cnidarian Acropora millepora (Cnidaria, Anthozoa): implications for the evolution of the Pax gene family. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 4475-4480.
Mlodzik, M., Y. Hiromi, U. Weber, C. Goodman & G. Rubin. 1990. The Drosophila seven-up gene, a member of the steroid receptor gene superfamily, controls photoreceptor cell fates. Cell 60: 211-224.
Moosler, A., K. Rinehart & C. Grimmelikhuijzen. 1997. Isolation of three novel neuropeptides, the Cyanea- RFamides I-III, from Scyphomedusae. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 236: 743-749.
Müller, W. & T. Leitz. 2002. Metamorphosis in the cnidaria. Can. J. Zool. 80: 1755-1771.
Oberdorster, E. & A. Cheek. 2001. Gender benders at the beach: endocrine disruption in marine and estuarine organisms. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20: 23-36.
Power, R.F., J.P. Lydon, O.M. Conneely & B.W. O’Malley. 1991. Dopamine activation of an orphan of the steroid receptor superfamily. Science 252: 1546-1548.
Qiu, Y., A. Cooney, S. Kuratani, F. DeMayo, S. Tsai & M.J. Tsai. 1994. Spatiotemporal expression patterns of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factors in the developing mouse central nervous system: evidence for a role in segmental patterning of the diencephalon. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 4451-4455.
Roy, K., E. Thiels & A. Monaghan. 2002. Loss of the tailless gene affects forebrain development and emotional behavior. Physiol. Behav. 77: 595-600.
Steingrimsson, E., F. Pignoni, G. Liaw & J. Lengyel. 1991. Dual role of the Drosophila pattern gene tailless in embryonic termini. Science 254: 418-421.
Stenman, J., R. Yu, R. Evans & K. Campbell. 2003. Tlx and Pax6 co-operate genetically to establish the pallio-subpallial boundary in the embryonic mouse telencephalon. Development 130: 1113-1122.
Sullivan, J., J. Ryan, J. Watson, J. Webb, J. Mullikin, D. Rokhsar & J. Finnerty. 2006. StellaBase: the Nematostella vectensis genomics database. Nucleic Acids Res. 34: D495-D499.
Swofford, D. 2003. PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (* and Other Methods). Version 4.0b8 Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA.
Tarrant, A. 2005. Endocrine-like signaling in cnidarians: current understanding and implications for ecophysiology. Integr. Comp. Biol. 45: 201-214.
Tarrant, A. 2007. Hormonal signaling in cnidarians: do we understand the pathways well enough to know whether they are being disrupted? Ecotoxicology 16: 5-13.
Thummel, C. 1995. From embryogenesis to metamorphosis: the regulation and function of Drosophila nuclear receptor superfamily members. Cell 83: 871-877.
Tyler, C., S. Jobling & J. Sumpter. 1998. Endocrine disruption in wildlife: a critical review of evidence. CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 28: 319-361.
Yu, R., M.Y. Chiang, T. Tanabe, M. Kobayashi, K. Yasuda, R. Evans & K. Umesono. 2000. The orphan nuclear receptor Tlx regulates Pax2 and is essential for vision. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 2621-2625.
Comentarios
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2008 Revista de Biología Tropical