Palabras clave
animal-vehicle collisions
conservation areas
extinction threat
tropical forest.
amenaza de extinción
Áreas de conservación
bosque tropical
colisión de animales
mortalidad masiva de anfibios.
Cómo citar
Resumen
Las carreteras tienen impactos perjudiciales en las poblaciones de vida silvestre en todo el mundo. Específicamente, los caminos representan amenazas directas e indirectas a la vida silvestre limitando los movimientos de dispersión, o debido a la mortalidad por atropellos por vehículos. La tasa de mortalidad de la fauna varía tanto en el tiempo como en el espacio, dependiendo de la composición del paisaje y del tipo y uso de la infraestructura vial. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la variación espaciotemporal de la mortalidad de vertebrados en un tramo de 4 km de la carretera nacional 34, adyacente al Parque Nacional Carara, Costa Rica. Llevamos a cabo 81 censos de vertebrados atropellados utilizando un vehículo y una bicicleta entre junio 2010 y mayo 2011, georreferenciamos las ubicaciones de los cuerpos y los identificamos al nivel taxonómico más bajo posible. Registramos un total de 4 709 animales muertos por carretera de al menos 58 especies de vertebrados durante todo el estudio. Los anfibios representaron el 93.5 % de todos los vertebrados y mostraron una fuerte variación espaciotemporal en eventos de mortalidad masiva. Los reptiles, especialmente las serpientes, fueron el segundo taxón más afectado seguido por los mamíferos y las aves. La mortalidad relativa por día en el segmento de 4 km fue de 125.4 anfibios, 4.6 reptiles, 2.7 mamíferos, 1 ave y 0.46 indeterminado. La proximidad de la carretera al límite del parque, los volúmenes de tránsito y la falta de cumplimiento de los límites de velocidad pueden influir en la alta tasa de mortalidad registrada. Sugerimos la reducción en los límites de velocidad, la señalización de cruce de vida silvestre y la readecuación de las alcantarillas existentes como pasos para los animales para minimizar la mortalidad de los vertebrados en la carretera adyacente al Parque Nacional Carara.
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