Palabras clave
Islas Murciélago; Santa Elena; afloramiento costero; colecciones científicas; taxonomía; Echinodermata.
Cómo citar
Resumen
ntroduction: The study of the marine diversity of the North Pacific of Costa Rica began with isolated foreign expeditions in the 1930s and was systematically developed in the mid-1990s by the Center for Research in Marine Sciences and Limnology, Universidad de Costa Rica, as consequence there are now a total of 1 479 reported species in this region. Objective: Present an update to the echinoderm richness of the Guanacaste Conservation Area. Methods: We sampled 25 localities exhaustively and estimated similarity between sites based on the family richness and environmental heterogeneity. Results: We found 61 taxa, which represent 26 % of the echinoderm reported species for the country’s Pacific coast. Of these, 43 species are new records for the Guanacaste Conservation Area, and seven for Costa Rica and Central American Pacific coasts. We found three morpho-species that do not match to available descriptions of the Eastern Tropical Pacific echinoderm species. We also found the holothuroid Epitomapta tabogae, and the ophiuroid Ophioplocus hancocki, previously thought endemic to Panama and the Galapagos Islands, respectively. The proximity of the sampled sites and the redundancy of certain families may explain why we did not find important differences among localities. Conclusions: The echinoderm richness of this conservation area is at least 20 % higher than previously reported, reaching similar levels to those in other high diversity sites of the Eastern Tropical Pacific.
Citas
Alfaro, E.J. & Cortés, J. (2012). Atmospheric forcing of cold subsurface water events in Bahía Culebra, Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 60(Suppl. 2), 173-186.
Alvarado, J.J., Guzmán. H. & Breedy, O. (2012). Distribution and diversity of echinoderms (Asteroidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea) in the islands of the Gulf of Chiriqui, Panama. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía, 47(1), 13-22.
Alvarado, J.J., Chacón-Monge, J.L., Solís-Marín, F.A., Pineda-Enríquez, T., Caballero-Ochoa, A.A., Solano Rivera, S., & Romero Chaves, R. (2017). Equinodermos del Museo de Zoología de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 65(Supl. 1), 272-287.
Alvarado, J.J., Cortés, J., Esquivel, M.F. & Salas, E. (2012). Costa Rica’s Marine Protected Areas: status and perspectives. Revista de Biología Tropical, 60 (1), 129-142.
Anderson, M. (2017). Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA). In: Balakrishnan, N., Colton, T., Everitt, B., Piegorsch, W., Ruggeri, F. & Teugels, J. (Eds.), Wiley StatsRef: Statistics Reference Online, 1-15.
Borrero-Pérez, G.H. & Vanegas-González, M.J. (2019). Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) viridiaurantia sp. nov. (Holothuriida, Holothuriidae), a new sea cucumber from the Eastern Pacific Ocean revealed by morphology and DNA barcoding. ZooKeys, 893, 1-19.
Cambronero-Solano, S., Benavides, R., Solís-Marín. F.A. & Alvarado, J.J. (2019). New reports of echinoderms on the Caribbean continental slope of Central America. Zoosymposia, 15, 5–12.
Cortés, J. (2012). Marine biodiversity of an Eastern Tropical Pacific oceanic island, Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 60(Suppl. 3), 131-185.
Cortés, J. (2016). The Pacific coastal and marine ecosystems. In M. Kappelle (Ed.), Costa Rican Ecosystems (pp. 97-138). Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Cortés, J. (2017). Marine biodiversity baseline for Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica: published records. ZooKeys, 652, 129-179.
Cortés, J. & Joyce, F. (2020). BioMar-ACG: A successful partnership to inventory and promulgate marine biodiversity. Biotropica, 52, 1104-1107. DOI: 10.1111/btp.12841.
Cortés, J., Samper-Villarreal, J. & Bernecker, A. (2014). Seasonal phenology of Sargassum liebmannii J. Agardh (Fucales, Heterokontophyta) in an upwelling area of the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Aquatic Botany, 119, 105-110.
Costello, M.J., Michener, W. K., Gahegan, M., Zhang, Z.Q. & Bourne, P.E. (2013). Biodiversity data should be published, cited, and peer reviewed. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 28, 454-461.
de Entrambasaguas, M.L. (2008). Estudio faunístico y ecológico de los equinodermos del archipiélago de Cabo Verde (Doctoral dissertation). Universidad de Murcia, Spain.
Duda, T.F. & Lessios, H.A. (2009). Connectivity of populations within and between major biogeographic regions of the tropical Pacific in Conus ebraeus, a widespread marine gastropod. Coral Reefs, 28, 651-659.
González-Gándara, C., Solís-Marín, F.A. de la Cruz-Francisco V., Granados-Barba, A., Salas-Pérez, J.J., Argüelles-Jiménez J. & Escárcega-Quiroga, P. A. (2015). Riqueza y distribución de equinodermos en los arrecifes del norte de Veracruz, México. Revista de Biología Tropical, 63(2), 183-193.
Granja-Fernández, R., Herrero-Pérezrul, M., López-Pérez, R., Hernández, L., Rodríguez-Zaragoza, F., Wallace Jones, R. & Pineda-López, R. (2014). Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from coral reefs in the Mexican Pacific. ZooKeys, 406, 101-145.
Granja-Fernández, R., Pineda-Enríquez, T., Solís-Marín, F.A. & Laguarda-Figueras, A. (2020). Ophioderma hendleri sp. nov. (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiodermatidae) and its congeners from the Eastern Pacific. European Journal of Taxonomy 729: 11–41.
Glynn, P.W. & Ault, J.S. (2000). A biogeographic analysis and review of the far eastern Pacific coral reef region. Coral Reefs, 19, 1-23.
Hebert, P.D.N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S. L. & deWaard, J. R. (2003). Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 270, 313–321.
Hellberg, M.E. (2009). Gene flow and isolation among populations of marine animals. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 40, 291-310.
Iken, K., Konar, B., Benedetti-Cecchi, L., Cruz-Motta, J.J., Knowlton, A., Pohle, G., . . . Silva, A. (2010). Large-scale spatial distribution patterns of echinoderms in nearshore rocky habitats. PLoS ONE, 5(11), e13845.
Janzen, D.H. (2000). Costa Rica’s Area de Conservación Guanacaste: a long march to survival through non-damaging biodevelopment. Biodiversity, 1(2):7-20.
Janzen, D.H. & Hallwachs, W. (2016). Biodiversity conservation history and future in Costa Rica: The case of area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG). Chapter 10. In C. R. Ecosystems & M. Kappelle (Eds.), Biodiversity conservation history and future in Costa Rica (pp. 290–341). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Janzen, D.H. & Hallwachs, W. (2019). How a tropical country can DNA barcode itself. iBOL Barcode Bulletin, 9(1), 1-6.
Janzen, D.H. & Hallwachs, W. (2020). Área de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica: Converting a tropical national park to conservation via biodevelopment. Biotropica, 52, 1017-1029.
Lessios, H.A. (2005). Echinoids of the Pacific waters of Panama: Status of knowledge and new records. Revista de Biología Tropical, 53(3), 147-170.
Lessios, H.A. & Baums, I.B. (2017). Gene flow in coral reef organisms of the Tropical Eastern Pacific. In Glynn, P., Mazello, D. & Enochs, I. (Eds.), Coral Reefs of the Eastern Tropical Pacific: Persistence and Loss in a Dynamic Environment (pp. 477-499). Netherlands: Springer-Verlag.
Lessios, H.A. & Robertson, D.R. (2006). Crossing the impassable: genetic connections in 20 reef fishes across the eastern Pacific barrier. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 273, 2201-2208.
Lizano, O. G. & Alfaro, E. J. (2014). Características de la dinámica atmosférica y oceánica en algunas regiones del Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 62(Supl. 4), 17-31.
Maluf, L.Y. (1991). Echinoderm fauna of the Galápagos Islands. In M. James (Ed.), Galápagos Marine Invertebrates (pp. 345-367). New York, USA: Springer Science, Business Media.
MCZbase. (2020). The Database of the Zoological Collections Museum of Comparative Zoology - Harvard University. Available from https://mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/SpecimenResults.cfm?taxon_name_id=446882. Accessed 2020-07-13.
Mutschke, E., Gerdes, D. & Ríos, C. (2017). Distribution and abundance patterns of echinoderms in the fjord and channel complex from a subantarctic north Patagonian Ice field, Magellan region. Revista de Biología Tropical, 65(1), 60-72.
Pérez-Ruzafa, A., Alvarado, J.J., Solís-Marín, F.A., Hernández, J.C., Morata, A., Marcos, C., . . . Williams, S.M. (2013). Latin America echinoderm biodiversity and biogeography: Patterns and affinities. In J.J. Alvarado & F.A. Solís-Marín (Eds.), Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America (pp. 511 -542). Berlin: Springer Heidelberg.
Raff, R. & Byrne, M. (2006). The active evolutionary lives of echinoderm larvae. Heredity, 97, 244-252.
Ramírez-Ortiz, G., Calderón-Aguilera, L.E., Reyes-Bonilla, H., Ayala-Bocos, A., Hernández, L., Rivera-Melo, F.F., . . . Dominici-Arosamena, A. (2017). Functional diversity of fish and invertebrates in coral and rocky reefs of the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Marine Ecology, 38, e12447.
SINAC (Sistema Nacional de Áreas de Conservación). 2013. Plan de Manejo Área de Conservación Guanacaste 2014-2024. ACG. Guanacaste. 149 p.
Smith, A. (1997). Echinoderm larvae and phylogeny. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 2, 219-241.
Smithsonian Institution. (2020). Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Available from https://collections.nmnh.si.edu/search/iz/?q=qn+Ophioplocus+hancocki. Accessed 2020-07-13.
Solís-Marín, F.A., Alvarado, J.J., Abreu-Pérez, M., Aguilera, O., Alió, J., Bacallado-Aránega, J.J., . . . Williams, S.M. (2013). Appendix. In J.J. Alvarado & F.A. Solís-Marín (Eds.), Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America (pp. 543-654). Berlin: Springer Heidelberg.
Solís-Marín, F.A., Arriaga-Ochoa, J.A., Laguarda-Figueras, A., Frontana-Uribe, S.C. & Durán-González, A. (2009). Holothuroideos (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) del Golfo de California, México. México: Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad e Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, UNAM.
Solís-Marín, F.A., Laguarda-Figueras, A., Estrada-Rodríguez, P., Honey-Escandón, M., Cao-Romero, C. & Durán-Gonzáles, A. (2014). Los asteroideos (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) del Golfo de California, México. México: UNAM), Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales e Instituto Nacional de Ecología y Cambio Climático.
Toral-Granda, V. (2008). Population status, fisheries and trade of sea cucumbers in Latin America and the Caribbean In: Toral-Granda, V., Lovatelli, A. & Vasconcellos, M. (Eds.). Sea Cucumbers. A Global Review of Fisheries and Trade (pp. 213-229). Roma: FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 516.
Vargas-Castillo, R. & Cortés, J. (2019). New records of marine decapods and stomatopods in Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG): four years of marine biodiversity inventorying. Marine Biodiversity Records, 12(1), 1-8.
Villalobos-Rojas, F., Herrera-Correa, J. Garita-Alvarado, C., Clarke, T. & Beita-Jiménez, A. (2014). Actividades pesqueras dependientes de la ictiofauna en el Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica. Revista de Biología Tropical, 62 (Supl. 4), 119-138.
World Heritage Committee. (2013). Thirty seventh session. WHC-13/37.COM/8E: Adoption of retrospective Statements of Outstanding Universal Value, UNESCO. 302 p.
Worm, B., Barbier, E.B., Beaumont, N., Duffy, J.E., Folke, C., Halpern, B.S., Jackson, J.B.C., . . . Watson, R. (2006). Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services. Science 314: 787–790.
WoRMS Editorial Board (2020). World Register of Marine Species. Available from http://www.marinespecies.org at VLIZ. Accessed 2020-07-13.
Ziesenhenne, F.C. (1940). New ophiurans of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 8(2), 9-59.
Comentarios
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.