Palabras clave
interaction networks
Colombia
mutualism
plant-animal interactions
frugivoría
redes de interacción
Colombia
mutualismo
interacciones planta-animal
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: La frugivoría es un proceso ecológico determinante para la estructuración y regeneración de los bosques. Particularmente en los trópicos, donde la diversidad de plantas y animales frugívoros es alta, y las relaciones interespecíficas son complejas generando redes de interacción donde las especies cumplen papeles funcionales diferenciales. Objetivo: En este trabajo identificamos cuáles son las especies de plantas ecológicamente más importantes en dos redes de interacción en un bosque seco colombiano, y determinamos cuáles rasgos funcionales de los frutos explican esta importancia. Métodos: Para ello se calculó el índice de importancia de las plantas (IIP), a partir de la relevancia de las especies de frugívoros en el mantenimiento de la estructura de las redes con las cuales interactúa cada especie. Dicha relevancia está relacionada de manera directa con el potencial que tienen los animales (aves y mamíferos) de ser dispersores efectivos de semillas. Luego, utilizando modelos lineales generalizados se evaluó cuáles rasgos funcionales de los frutos (tamaño, color, estrato, tipo de pulpa) explican el IIP. Resultados: Dentro de las plantas más importantes se encuentran especies de los géneros Miconia, Ficus, Cecropia, Bursera, Casearia y Trichilia, las cuales han sido identificadas previamente como recursos importantes para los frugívoros en los trópicos. Particularmente en este trabajo, identificamos que las plantas con frutos carnosos, rojos y de menor tamaño benefician a los mejores dispersores potenciales de semillas. Discusión: La alta variación de los valores del IIP sugiere que el conjunto de especies de frugívoros beneficiados por cada especie de planta, tiene un aporte diferencial en los procesos ecológicos derivados de la dispersión de semillas. Esta información es de gran relevancia para la selección de especies con rasgos particulares que favorezcan la recuperación funcional de los bosques a través de programas de restauración ecológica de ecosistemas tan amenazados como el bosque seco tropical (bs-T).
Citas
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