Palabras clave
acuicultura de coral; Parque Marino del Pacífico; Porites lobata; Pocillopora damicornis; Costa Rica; supervivencia; crecimiento; rendimiento de cultivo.
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: El declive mundial de los arrecifes de coral, ha impulsado a la restauración coralina como una estrategia viable para recuperar especies de coral fundacionales, en estado vulnerable. Los corales pétreos se propagan por miles, tanto en viveros subacuáticos como ex situ (en tierra). Siendo el segundo método poco explorado en Costa Rica, a pesar de sus potenciales beneficios como medida como herramienta de manejo arrecifal.
Objetivo: Analizar la viabilidad del cultivo ex situ de las especies de coral constructoras de arrecifes Porites lobata y Pocillopora damicornis en el módulo de acuicultura del Parque Marino del Pacífico (PMP), Puntarenas, Costa Rica.
Métodos: Desde el 17 de mayo hasta el 17 de octubre de 2018, se mantuvieron un total de 180 fragmentos de coral en un sistema de recirculación de acuicultura. Se registraron la supervivencia, el crecimiento y el rendimiento de los fragmentos en relación con el medio de cultivo (parámetros fisicoquímicos).
Resultados: La tasa de supervivencia y crecimiento varió entre especies y tanques de cultivo. En promedio, los fragmentos de P. lobata supervivientes (68.89 %) colocados en el tanque 1 (T1) crecieron un 216 %. En contraste con los fragmentos colocados en el tanque 2 (T2) que mostraron una tasa de supervivencia del 71.11 % y un aumento del 277 % en el área de tejido vivo. En el caso de P. damicornis, los porcentajes de supervivencia, de aumento del área basal y del área de la corona fueron: 71.11 %, 980 %, y 366 %, y 100 %, 976 %, y 287 % para los fragmentos colocados en T1 y T2, respectivamente. Aunque la supervivencia y el crecimiento de los fragmentos fueron positivos, el rendimiento en términos de cultivo fue bajo, debido a que las condiciones en los tanques no cumplían con las condiciones ideales para el cultivo de corales.
Conclusiones: La supervivencia y el crecimiento de ambas especies variaron en función del tanque en el que se colocaron. La supervivencia fue similar a la observada en otros estudios ex situ y el crecimiento fue similar al reportado en la naturaleza, pero el rendimiento del cultivo fue bajo. Los sistemas de acuicultura del PMP constituyen una buena base para el cultivo de corales, sin embargo, para que el esfuerzo de cultivo alcance un máximo de rendimiento, los sistemas actuales deben optimizarse en función de los requisitos de las especies de coral objetivo.
Citas
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