Palabras clave
Steno bredanensis, delfines, cetáceos, contaminación, metales pesados, ecotoxicología, Panamá.
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Resumen
Introducción: Los pequeños cetáceos son buenos bioindicadores de la contaminación ambiental; sin embargo, el conocimiento acerca de su estado ecotoxicológico en Centroamérica es escaso. En Panamá, el acceso a muestras para determinar el estado ecotoxicológico de delfines oceánicos es limitado; por lo tanto, los varamientos proveen una alternativa para obtener muestras. En abril de 2016, un raro evento de varamiento masivo ocurrió en la Península de Azuero (Pacífico panameño), en el cual 60 delfines de dientes rugosos (Steno bredanensis) vararon incluyendo diez que murieron en la playa.
Objetivo: Determinar los niveles de mercurio total (THg), e isótopos estables de δ13C y δ15N en los delfines de dientes rugosos por primera vez en la región.
Métodos: Nueve muestras de piel de adultos fueron colectadas, almacenadas en etanol al 70 %, y analizadas posteriormente para determinar THg e isótopos estables.
Resultados: Las concentraciones de THg variaron entre 4 764 y 18 689 ng g-1 de peso seco (dw) (promedio= 12 841; DE= 5 083 ng g-1 dw), los valores de δ13C entre −16.8 y −15.2 ‰ (promedio= −16.2; DE= 0.6 ‰), y los de δ15N entre 14.3 y 15.9 ‰ (promedio= 15.0; DE= 0.5 ‰).
Conclusiones: Los altos niveles de THg reportados para esta especie en la Península de Azuero son consistentes con los reportados en la piel de los delfines de dientes rugosos en otras áreas del mundo, como en el estado de Río de Janeiro en Brasil y La Guajira en el Caribe colombiano. Las altas concentraciones de mercurio (Hg) pueden estar relacionadas con la dieta de los delfines de dientes rugosos, la cual, de acuerdo a los valores de δ15N encontrados aquí, parece estar basada en presas de alto nivel trófico que acumulan más Hg en sus tejidos. Sin embargo, estudios dietarios adicionales son requeridos para confirmar estos resultados. Un monitoreo continuo de la dieta usando análisis tradicionales, así como de los niveles de contaminación en peces y delfines, es necesario para entender la ecotoxicología de los delfines en Panamá.
Citas
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