Palabras clave
Centroamérica; ballenas de barbas; Pacífico tropical oriental; ocurrencia; foto-identificación.
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Resumen
Introducción: Aunque la ballena de Bryde (Balaenoptera edeni) tiene una distribución global en aguas tropicales y subtropicales, la especie es una de las más enigmaticas entre los balaenoptéridos. Observaciones previas han reportado la presencia de ballenas de Bryde en la costa del Pacífico de Panamá, pero sabemos poco acerca de su comportamiento, abundancia, y distribución en estas aguas.
Objetivo: Reportamos un área en el golfo de Chiriquí, Panamá, donde la ballena de Bryde ha sido avistada frecuentemente.
Métodos: Realizamos muestreos para mamíferos marinos desde embarcaciones pequeñas en el golfo de Chiriquí entre el 2001 y el 2022, tanto durante el invierno austral (26 300 km) como el boreal (4 700 km).
Resultados: Registramos 25 avistamientos de 33 ballenas de Bryde. Los avistamientos ocurrieron en nueve de los años muestreados, la mayoría en el invierno austral (92 %). La mayoría de avistamientos fueron de un animal (80 %), y un avistamiento fue de un trío madre-cría-escolta. El área de agregación ocurre cerca de las islas Contreras, donde la mayoría de los avistamientos (84 %) fueron registrados. Foto-identificamos 14 individuos usando la aleta dorsal. Un individuo fué avistado en dos años (2014 y 2015), mientras que el resto solamente ha sido documentado una vez. No se han registrado recapturas fotográficas con otras áreas.
Conclusiones: El uso repetido de ésta área de agregación podría indicar que es usada para alimentación, y la presencia de un trío madre-cría-escolta también sugiere actividad reproductiva. El único re-avistamiento interannual sugiere que el área es usada por algunos de los mismos animales. Se necesita más investigación en aguas panameñas para entender mejor esta población de ballena de Bryde, su estatus de conservación, y su relación con otras poblaciones del Pacífico tropical oriental. Una expansión de las áreas marinas protegidas en el golfo de Chiriquí puede ser necesaria para proteger esta población.
Citas
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