Palabras clave
cámara trampa, largo plazo, Neotropical, temporal, Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Yasuní
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Resumen
Introducción: Los jaguares (Panthera onca) y los pumas (Puma concolor) son los dos mayores depredadores terrestres de los bosques neotropicales de tierras bajas y, como tales, son importantes contribuyentes al ecosistema. Sin embargo, no son comunes los estudios a largo plazo sobre sus patrones temporales y espaciales de presencia. Objetivos: Actualizar un estudio previo de ocho años (2005-2012) con cámaras trampa sobre jaguares en la Estación de Biodiversidad Tiputini, Reserva de la Biosfera Yasuní, con datos de 2014 a 2023; y agregar información complementaria sobre pumas. Métodos: Utilizamos cámaras trampa instaladas a lo largo de senderos o en saladeros para documentar la presencia de jaguares y pumas. Los jaguares individuales fueron identificados por sus patrones distintivos de pelaje. Resultados: Las tasas de captura de 2014 a 2023 variaron de 0 a 2.94 imágenes/100 días de trampa para jaguares y de 0.46 a 4.88 para pumas. Estas tasas se mantuvieron o incrementaron en todos los años para ambas especies. Identificamos 28 individuos de jaguares durante el segundo período de muestreo, incluidos 18 machos y siete hembras. Los períodos entre capturas variaron de 1 a 84 meses con ocho individuos registrados durante al menos 36 meses. Incluyendo imágenes del primer período (2005-2012) cuando se identificaron 21 individuos, es probable que ~50 jaguares individuales hayan aparecido en o cerca de la estación de biodiversidad durante 19 años. Los jaguares estuvieron principalmente activos durante las horas del día. Los pumas fueron más activos durante la noche. Conclusiones: La TBS está dentro de una gran reserva de la biosfera, pero es demasiado pequeña (~670 ha) para cubrir el área de distribución de ambas especies. No obstante, dada la cantidad de registros y el hecho de que las tasas de captura no han disminuido en las últimas dos décadas, la región es importante para la conservación de estas dos especies y las presas de las que dependen.
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