Palabras clave
biodiversidad, crustáceos decápodos, Pseudothelphusidae, evaluación de la conservación, América Central.
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: Los cangrejos de agua dulce se encuentran en regiones tropicales y subtropicales de todo el mundo y debido a su gran biomasa, son un componente importante en los procesos ecosistémicos. En América Central, Panamá y Costa Rica destacan por su gran diversidad, con 17 y 15 especies de cangrejos de agua dulce, respectivamente.
Objetivo: Aquí presentamos un análisis de las investigaciones sobre cangrejos de agua dulce en Costa Rica y ofrecemos sugerencias para futuros temas de investigación relacionados con estos macroinvertebrados.
Métodos: El análisis se basa en las publicaciones que tratan sobre la investigación de cangrejos de agua dulce en Costa Rica. Se incluyeron sólo publicaciones que incluían especímenes recolectados en Costa Rica; por el contrario, no se incluyeron publicaciones que sólo mencionan especies de cangrejos de agua dulce de Costa Rica.
Resultados: El número de publicaciones aumentó especialmente durante las dos últimas décadas, alcanzando en la actualidad un total de 35 contribuciones. La historia de la investigación sobre los cangrejos de agua dulce en Costa Rica podría dividirse en los siguientes tres períodos: (1) Período I: pre-1900, la fase de descubrimiento como inicio de la investigación del cangrejo de agua dulce por la descripción de las primeras especies de Costa Rica; (2) Período II: 1900-2000 cuando, tras un largo periodo de ausencia de publicaciones, se retomaron los estudios taxonómicos sobre la fauna de cangrejos de agua dulce; y (3) Período III: caracterizado por el inicio de estudios que incluyen la ecología y filogenia molecular de los cangrejos de agua dulce mientras que se continúa con la evaluación de la biodiversidad de estos decápodos.
Conclusiones: Nuestro conocimiento sobre los cangrejos de agua dulce en Costa Rica ha aumentado considerablemente, especialmente durante las últimas décadas; sin embargo, la información sobre muchos aspectos de la historia de vida y la ecología de estos invertebrados sigue siendo fragmentaria o simplemente ausente. Futuras áreas de investigación podrían incluir estudios sobre ecología y comportamiento, impacto del cambio climático y otros factores de estrés (por ejemplo, contaminación, deforestación, pérdida de hábitat y especies invasoras) sobre sus poblaciones, así como su papel como hospedadores intermediarios de metacercarias del tremátodo Paragonimus spp.. Finalmente, enfatizamos la necesidad de mantener y continuar la colección de cangrejos de agua dulce en la Universidad de Costa Rica.
Citas
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