Palabras clave
megaherbívoro, herbivoría, forrajeo, dron, carbono azul, secuestro de carbono.
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: Los pastos marinos son un hábitat clave para la tortuga verde (Chelonia mydas). En el Parque Nacional Cahuita (PNC), los pastos marinos se han monitoreado desde 1999. A través del tiempo, la complejidad del dosel de la especie dominante de pasto marino (Thalassia testudinum) ha declinado. Sin embargo, la variabilidad espacial y las interacciones entre las tortugas y estas praderas en Cahuita han sido poco estudiadas.
Objetivo: Nuestro propósito fue analizar la distribución y composición de las praderas de pasto marino del PNC y cuantificar la intensidad de herbivoría de tortuga verde.
Métodos: La caracterización de los pastos marinos se realizó en 2019 y 2021. Los puntos de muestreo se distribuyeron sistemáticamente cada 200 m. Cuando estuvieron presentes los pastos marinos, se muestreó cada 50 m para mayor resolución. Se midió la profundidad del agua y la cobertura de pastos marinos por especie en cada punto. En 2019, se incluyó la densidad de haces, biomasa fotosintética y contenido de carbono en el sedimento como métricas adicionales. La densidad de tortugas se estimó por medio de video transectos aéreos. Las tasas de herbivoría se midieron con experimentos de anclaje de pastos marinos y videos subacuáticos.
Resultados: Se encontraron pastos marinos en profundidades entre 0.4–5.3 m. El contenido promedio de carbono orgánico fue 2 % que incrementó levemente con mayor biomasa de pastos. El carbonato fue 40 % y si variación asociada al pasto marino. Los pastos marinos en el PNC estuvieron dominados por T. testudinum, con presencia mínima de Syringodium filiforme, Halodule wrightii y Halophila decipiens. Entre 2019–2021, en el área muestreada ambos años, la cobertura de pasto disminuyó en un 52 %, variando de 54.7–24.7 ha. Las tortugas marinas observadas se encontraron de 20–80 cm de longitud recta del caparazón. La densidad estimada fue de 0.6 ± 0.6 tortugas/ha y la abundancia de 36–211 tortugas dentro de la laguna arrecifal. Los videos subacuáticos mostraron que la tortuga verde es el herbívoro principal de T. testudinum en la pradera.
Conclusión: La tortuga verde tiene un rol significativo en definir la complejidad del dosel y la distribución de pastos marinos en el PNC, resaltando la necesidad de monitoreo ecológico y esfuerzos de conservación integrados, particularmente ante los retos del cambio climático y presiones antropogénicas.
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