Impacto de aditivos fitogénicos seleccionados sobre el rendimiento, la respuesta hematológica, bioquímica y antioxidante en gallinas ponedoras de 64 semanas de edad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/6ebwzj88Palabras clave:
Gallinas ponedoras senescentes, cúrcuma, jengibre, ajo, aditivos alimentarios fitogénicosResumen
Se evaluaron los efectos de la cúrcuma, el jengibre y el ajo en polvo sobre el rendimiento, el perfil sanguíneo, el suero y las propiedades antioxidantes de gallinas ponedoras de 64 semanas de edad. El estudio se llevó a cabo en la Granja de Enseñanza e Investigación del Departamento de Producción y Salud Animal de la Universidad Federal de Tecnología, Akure (FUTA), Estado de Ondo, Nigeria. Se realizó un ensayo de alimentación de 12 semanas con un total de 135 gallinas ponedoras de la cepa Isa Brown, dispuestas en un diseño completamente aleatorio. Se formularon cinco dietas para el ensayo: Dieta 1 (control); Dieta 2 (3% de cúrcuma); Dieta 3 (3% de jengibre); Dieta 4 (cúrcuma y ajo al 2,25% y 0,75%, respectivamente); y Dieta 5 (jengibre y ajo al 2,25% y 0,75%, respectivamente). La composición proximal de los aditivos fitogénicos para piensos (AFP) se determinó de la siguiente manera: humedad (5,03 – 7,50%); cenizas (3,26 – 6,11%); extracto etéreo (7,39 – 14,58%); fibra cruda (10,28 – 13,79%); proteína cruda (3,07 – 7,23%); y extracto libre de nitrógeno (58,88 – 61,54%). Los índices de rendimiento no fueron significativamente influenciados por las dietas de prueba (p > 0.05), excepto la producción diaria por gallina (HDP). Los valores más bajos de HDP (57,50%) y de relación de conversión alimentaria (FCR) (2,37%) se obtuvieron en la Dieta 4. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los parámetros hematológicos ni entre los índices bioquímicos evaluados (p > 0.05). La actividad de la glutatión peroxidasa (GSH) fue significativamente mayor (2,02 uM/mL) en las aves alimentadas con la Dieta 2 (p < 0.05). Las actividades de catalasa (0,80 uM/mg proteína) y superóxido dismutasa (60%) fueron significativamente más altas (p < 0.05) en las aves alimentadas con la Dieta 5. Los resultados de este estudio indican que los AFP no generan efectos adversos sobre la salud de las gallinas ponedoras de mayor edad; por el contrario, contribuyen a mantener el rendimiento productivo y a mejorar los perfiles séricos y antioxidantes.
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