Respuestas ventilatorias y perceptivas al uso de mascarillas quirúrgicas y FFP2 durante ejercicio submáximo en cicloergómetro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/6ejp8e69Palabras clave:
intercambio gaseoso pulmonar, respiración, ejercicios aeróbicos, ciclismoResumen
INTRODUCCIÓN: Aunque las mascarillas reducen la propagación de patógenos durante el ejercicio, su impacto fisiológico sigue sujeto a debate. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar el efecto del uso de mascarillas quirúrgicas y FFP2 sobre la función ventilatoria y el esfuerzo percibido durante un amplio rango de intensidades de ejercicio aeróbico submáximo. MÉTODOS: Doce participantes completaron tres pruebas aleatorizadas y contrabalanceadas: sin mascarilla, con mascarilla quirúrgica y con FFP2. Cada prueba consistió en un test incremental en cicloergómetro con etapas de 3 minutos del 30% al 80% de la potencia aeróbica máxima. Se midieron variables ventilatorias mediante analizador de gases, frecuencia cardíaca por telemetría, lactato sanguíneo capilar y esfuerzo percibido con la escala de Borg (6-20). Los datos se analizaron mediante ANOVA de medidas repetidas (mascarilla × carga) con pruebas post hoc de Bonferroni (p<.050). RESULTADOS: El uso de mascarilla redujo significativamente la ventilación, el volumen corriente, la frecuencia respiratoria, el VO₂, el VCO₂ y la presión de O₂ al final de la espiración, al tiempo que aumentó la presión de CO₂ al final de la espiración y el esfuerzo percibido (p<.050). La mascarilla quirúrgica alteró estas variables principalmente a intensidades elevadas (60-80% potencia aeróbica máxima; p<.050), mientras que la FFP2 provocó reducciones en todo el rango submáximo, con decrementos mayores que la quirúrgica (0.17≤d≤0.69). La frecuencia cardíaca y la concentración de lactato no se vieron afectadas. CONCLUSIÓN: El uso de mascarillas durante el ejercicio aeróbico submáximo altera la función ventilatoria y aumenta el esfuerzo percibido, con efectos más pronunciados para la FFP2. En caso necesario, la mascarilla quirúrgica resulta preferible por generar menor restricción respiratoria y mayor comodidad.
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The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request
