[Original en portugués] Cambios agudos en variables metabólicas y cardiovasculares resultantes de la exposición al comportamiento sedentario: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/rnh6xs55Palabras clave:
comportamiento sedentario, metabolismo, factores de riesgo para enfermedades, saludResumen
OBJETIVO: Esta revisión tuvo como objetivo analizar los posibles efectos agudos resultantes de la exposición prolongada al comportamiento sedentario sobre las variables metabólicas y cardiovasculares. METODOLOGÍA: Siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed, Embase y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS) entre el 4 de marzo y el 16 de abril de 2024. Se identificaron 21 estudios experimentales para la síntesis cualitativa final. RESULTADOS: Las principales variables de resultado reportadas fueron el área bajo la curva de glucosa e insulina, la presión arterial, el flujo sanguíneo y la dilatación mediada por flujo. En las variables metabólicas se observaron reducciones en las concentraciones de glucosa e insulina y un aumento de los triglicéridos a lo largo del tiempo en posición sentada. En cuanto a las variables cardiovasculares, los estudios que analizaron la presión arterial mostraron resultados divergentes; sin embargo, las variables endoteliales presentaron cambios deletéreos con el tiempo sentado. CONCLUSIÓN: Los estudios incluidos se centraron principalmente en estrategias para mitigar los efectos nocivos del comportamiento sedentario, lo que evidencia una escasez de investigaciones orientadas específicamente a la evaluación de los efectos en tiempo real durante sesiones sedentarias ininterrumpidas. Por lo tanto, son esenciales enfoques estandarizados y análisis de dosis–respuesta para una mejor comprensión de los impactos del comportamiento sedentario prolongado en la salud y el metabolismo.
Descargas
Referencias
Araujo, C. G. (2001). Fisiologia do exercício físico e hipertensão arterial: uma breve introdução. Hipertensão, 4, 78–83.
Bailey, D. P., Maylor, B. D., Orton, C. J., & Zakrzewski-Fruer, J. K. (2017). Effects of breaking up prolonged sitting following low and high glycaemic index breakfast consumption on glucose and insulin concentrations. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 117(7), 1299–1307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3610-4
Bailey, D. P., Orton, C. J., Maylor, B. D., & Zakrzewski-Fruer, J. K. (2019). Cardiometabolic response to a single high-intensity interval exercise session versus breaking up sedentary time with fragmented high-intensity interval exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(3), 165–170. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0828-8217
Biswas, A., Oh, P. I., Faulkner, G. E., Bajaj, R. R., Silver, M. A., Mitchell, M. S., & Alter, D. A. (2015). Sedentary time and its association with risk for disease incidence, mortality, and hospitalization in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 162(2), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.7326/M14-1651
Burnet, K., Blackwell, J., Kelsch, E., Hanson, E. D., Stone, K., Fryer, S., Credeur, D., Palta, P., & Stoner, L. (2021). Cerebrovascular function response to prolonged sitting combined with a high-glycemic index meal: A double-blind, randomized cross-over trial. Psychophysiology, 58(8), e13830. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13830
Carter, S. E., Draijer, R., Holder, S. M., Brown, L., Thijssen, D. H. J., & Hopkins, N. D. (2019). Effect of different walking break strategies on superficial femoral artery endothelial function. Physiological Reports, 7(16), e14190. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14190
Champion, R. B., Smith, L. R., Smith, J., Hirlav, B., Maylor, B. D., White, S. L., & Bailey, D. P. (2018). Reducing prolonged sedentary time using a treadmill desk acutely improves cardiometabolic risk markers in male and female adults. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(21), 2484–2491. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1464744
Chandrasekaran, B., & Ganesan, T. B. (2021). Sedentarism and chronic disease risk in COVID 19 lockdown: A scoping review. Scottish Medical Journal, 66(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/0036933020946336
Charlett, O. P., Morari, V., & Bailey, D. P. (2020). Impaired postprandial glucose and no improvement in other cardiometabolic responses or cognitive function by breaking up sitting with bodyweight resistance exercises: A randomised crossover trial. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39(7), 792–800. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1847478
Colvin, A., Murray, L., Noble, J., & Chastin, S. (2023). Effects of breaking up sedentary behavior with short bouts of yoga and tai-chi on glycemia, concentration, and well-being. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 21(2), 181–188. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2023-0308
Dempsey, P. C., Larsen, R. N., Dunstan, D. W., Owen, N., & Kingwell, B. A. (2018). Sitting less and moving more. Hypertension, 72(5), 1037–1046. https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11190
Duran, A. T., Friel, C. P., Serafini, M. A., Ensari, I., Cheung, Y. K., & Diaz, K. M. (2023). Breaking up prolonged sitting to improve cardiometabolic risk: Dose-response analysis of a randomized cross-over trial. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 55(5), 847–855. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003109
Evans, W. P., Hanson, E. D., Shill, D. D., Landers-Ramos, R. Q., Stoner, L., Willey, Q., Credeur, D. P., & Prior, S. J. (2020). Sitting decreases endothelial microparticles but not circulating angiogenic cells irrespective of lower leg exercises: A randomized cross-over trial. Experimental Physiology, 105(8), 1408–1419. https://doi.org/10.1113/ep088690
Evans, W. S., Stoner, L., Willey, Q., Kelsch, E., Credeur, D. P., & Hanson, E. D. (2019). Local exercise does not prevent the aortic stiffening response to acute prolonged sitting: A randomized crossover trial. Journal of Applied Physiology, 127(3), 781–787. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00318.2019
Fenemor, S. P., Homer, A. R., Perry, T. L., Skeaff, C. M., Peddie, M. C., & Rehrer, N. J. (2018). Energy utilization associated with regular activity breaks and continuous physical activity: A randomized crossover trial. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, 28(6), 557–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2018.02.003
Filho, H. T. (2001). Respostas morfo-fisiológicas do organismo ao treinamento aeróbico e de força. Revista Médica HSVP, 28(11), 23–30.
Gao, Y., Silvennoinen, M., Pesola, A. J., Kainulainen, H., Cronin, N. J., & Finni, T. (2017). Acute metabolic response, energy expenditure, and EMG activity in sitting and standing. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 49(9), 1927–1934. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000001305
Gomes da Silva, J.R., Alves, J.H., Neto, A.R., Bertoncello, D., Brito, C.J., Júnior, J.S.V. (2026). Banco de datos para Alterações agudas nas variáveis metabólicas e cardiovasculares resultantes da exposição ao comportamento sedentário: uma revisão sistemática. Pensar en Movimiento: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.15517/rb0z5265
Homer, A. R., Fenemor, S. P., Perry, T. L., Rehrer, N. J., Cameron, C. M., Skeaff, C. M., & Peddie, M. C. (2017). Regular activity breaks combined with physical activity improve postprandial plasma triglyceride, nonesterified fatty acid, and insulin responses in healthy, normal weight adults: A randomized crossover trial. Journal of Clinical Lipidology, 11(5), 1268–1279.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2017.06.007
Jadad, A. R., Moore, R. A., Carroll, D., Jenkinson, C., Reynolds, D. J. M., Gavaghan, D. J., & McQuay, H. J. (1996). Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary? Controlled Clinical Trials, 17(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(95)00134-4
Kelsch, E., Diana, J. C., Burnet, K., Hanson, E. D., Fryer, S. F., Credeur, D. P., Stone, K. J., & Stoner, L. (2021). Arterial stiffness responses to prolonged sitting combined with a high-glycemic-index meal: A double-blind, randomized crossover trial. Journal of Applied Physiology, 131(1), 229–237. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00030.2021
Maylor, B. D., Zakrzewski-Fruer, J. K., Stensel, D. J., Orton, C. J., & Bailey, D. P. (2019). Effects of frequency and duration of interrupting sitting on cardiometabolic risk markers. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(13), 818–824. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0997-6650
Maylor, B. D., Zakrzewski-Fruer, J. K., Stensel, D. J., Orton, C. J., & Bailey, D. P. (2023). Breaking up sitting with short frequent or long infrequent physical activity breaks does not lead to compensatory changes in appetite, appetite-regulating hormones or energy intake. Appetite, 182, 106445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2022.106445
McCarthy, M., Edwardson, C. L., Davies, M. J., Henson, J., Bodicoat, D. H., Khunti, K., Dunstan, D. W., King, J. A., & Yates, T. (2017). Fitness moderates glycemic responses to sitting and light activity breaks. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 49(11), 2216–2222. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000001338
Meneguci, J., Santos, D. A. T., Silva, R. B., Santos, R. G., Sasaki, J. E., Tribess, S., Damiao, R., & Virtuoso, J. S. (2015). Comportamento sedentário: Conceito, implicações fisiológicas e os procedimentos de avaliação. Motricidade, 11(1), 160–174. https://doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.3178
Nakrani, M. N., Wineland, R. H., & Anjum, F. (2025). Physiology, glucose metabolism. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560599/
Oliveira, A. B., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Dantas, W. S., Benseñor, I. J. M., Goulart, A. de C., & Ekelund, U. (2023). Perfil de atividade física no tempo livre e tempo sedentário em adultos no Brasil: Inquérito nacional, 2019. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde, 32(2), e2023168. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-96222023000200016
Ouzzani, M., Hammady, H., Fedorowicz, Z., & Elmagarmid, A. (2016). Rayyan—A web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 5(1), 210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., ... Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. British Medical Journal, 372(71). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Patterson, R., McNamara, E., Tainio, M., de Sá, T. H., Smith, A. D., Sharp, S. J., Edwards, P., Woodcock, J., Brage, S., & Wijndaele, K. (2018). Sedentary behaviour and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and incident type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and dose response meta-analysis. European Journal of Epidemiology, 33(9), 811–829. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-018-0380-1
Peddie, M. C., Kessell, C., Bergen, T., Gibbons, T. D., Campbell, H. A., Cotter, J. D., Rehrer, N. J., & Thomas, K. N. (2021). The effects of prolonged sitting, prolonged standing, and activity breaks on vascular function, and postprandial glucose and insulin responses: A randomised crossover trial. PLOS ONE, 16(1), e0244841. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244841
Pesola, A. J., Laukkanen, A., Tikkanen, O., Sipilä, S., Kainulainen, H., & Finni, T. (2015). Muscle inactivity is adversely associated with biomarkers in physically active adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 47(6), 1188–1196. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000527
Poon, A. K., Juraschek, S. P., Ballantyne, C. M., Steffes, M. W., & Selvin, E. (2014). Comparative associations of diabetes risk factors with five measures of hyperglycemia. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, 2(1), e000002. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2013-000002
Pulsford, R. M., Blackwell, J., Hillsdon, M., & Kos, K. (2017). Intermittent walking, but not standing, improves postprandial insulin and glucose relative to sustained sitting: A randomised cross-over study in inactive middle-aged men. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(3), 278–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.08.012
Shibib, L., Al-Qaisi, M., Guess, N., Miras, A. D., Greenwald, S. E., Pelling, M., & Ahmed, A. (2024). Manipulation of postprandial hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: An update for healthcare professionals. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 17, 3111–3130. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S458894
Silva, G. O., Carvalho, J. F., Kanegusuku, H., Farah, B. Q., Correia, M. A., & Ritti-Dias, R. M. (2021). Acute effects of breaking up sitting time with isometric exercise on cardiovascular health: Randomized crossover trial. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 31(11), 2044–2054. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14024
Stamatakis, E., Gale, J., Bauman, A., Ekelund, U., Hamer, M., & Ding, D. (2019). Sitting time, physical activity, and risk of mortality in adults. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 73(16), 2062–2072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.02.031
Stoner, L., Willey, Q., Evans, W. S., Burnet, K., Credeur, D. P., Fryer, S., & Hanson, E. D. (2019). Effects of acute prolonged sitting on cerebral perfusion and executive function in young adults: A randomized cross-over trial. Psychophysiology, 56(12), e13457. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13457
Taylor, F. C., Pinto, A. J., Maniar, N., Dunstan, D. W., & Green, D. J. (2021). The acute effects of prolonged uninterrupted sitting on vascular function: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 54(1), 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000002763
Thosar, S. S., Johnson, B. D., Johnston, J. D., & Wallace, J. P. (2012). Sitting and endothelial dysfunction: The role of shear stress. Medical Science Monitor, 18(12), 173–180. https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.883589
Toledo, J. L., Ainsworth, B. E., Gaesser, G. A., Hooker, S. P., Pereira, M. A., & Buman, M. P. (2023). Does frequency or duration of standing breaks drive changes in glycemic response? A randomized crossover trial. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 33(7), 1135–1145. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14344
Tremblay, M. S., Aubert, S., Barnes, J. D., Saunders, T. J., Carson, V., Latimer-Cheung, A. E., Chastin, S. F. M., Altenburg, T. M., Chinapaw, M. J. M., Aminian, S., Arundell, L., Hinkley, T., Hnatiuk, J., Atkin, A. J., Belanger, K., Chaput, J. P., Gunnell, K., Larouche, R., Manyanga, T., ... Wondergem, R. (2017). Sedentary behaviour research network (SBRN)—Terminology consensus project process and outcome. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0525-8
World Health Organization. (2020). Trends in noncommunicable disease mortality and risk factors, and deaths from injuries and violence. In World health statistics 2020: Monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals (pp. 12–18). https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/332070
