Influencia de las molestias físicas en la carga de trabajo y la preparación para el entrenamiento en futbolistas sub-23: un periodo preparatorio para los Juegos Olímpicos
Palabras clave:
prevención de lesiones deportivas, desempeño en el deporte, deportes de equipo, entrenamiento de fútbolResumen
Este estudio examinó la relación entre las molestias físicas con la carga de entrenamiento y la disposición para entrenar en futbolistas, durante microciclos de choque y microciclos de descarga previos a la participación en los Juegos Olímpicos. Participaron 26 futbolistas sub-23 del equipo nacional de Honduras (edad 22.5 ± 1.8 años). La carga externa se evaluó mediante un sistema de posicionamiento global y se obtuvieron datos de velocidad máxima (km/h), distancia de esprint (>24.1 km/h), distancia de carrera de muy alta intensidad (18.1-24 km/h), distancia de carrera de alta intensidad (AI [15.1-18 km/h]), “player load”, número de aceleraciones (+2.5 m/s²) y desaceleraciones (-2.5 m/s²). Además, se realizaron mediciones subjetivas, como la percepción del esfuerzo y la escala de calidad total de recuperación. Se administró un cuestionario para evaluar la disposición para entrenar, el cual incluía las variables de estado de ánimo, calidad del sueño, niveles de energía, dolor muscular, nutrición, estrés y salud. Los jugadores con molestias físicas fueron identificados mediante el cuestionario del Centro de Investigación de Trauma Deportivo de Oslo. Los resultados muestran la presencia de molestias físicas tanto en los períodos de acumulación de carga como en el periodo de descarga. Los futbolistas con molestias físicas mostraron una menor percepción del esfuerzo y una peor calidad del sueño, salud, dolor muscular y motivación. También, presentaron un menor rendimiento en velocidad máxima, esprint, aceleraciones y desaceleraciones. Los científicos del deporte deben monitorear las molestias físicas en equipos nacionales de fútbol y prevenir lesiones antes de eventos de larga duración como los Juegos Olímpicos.
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