Electronic cigarette consumption in Latin America: epidemiological and toxicological aspects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/fvbrp698Keywords:
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Toxicology, Public Health, Latin AmericaAbstract
Introduction: The use of electronic cigarettes (ECs) has increased in Latin America, especially among youth, despite limited evidence on their long-term effects and the presence of toxic compounds in e-liquids (ELs). The objective of this study is to systematize and analyze the available scientific information on electronic cigarette use in Latin America, identifying the main health risks, consumption patterns, and regulatory gaps, with the aim of guiding future research and public policies in the region. Materials and Methods: A total of 182 scientific publications from 2014 to 2024 were reviewed across academic databases, with 60 relevant studies selected. Results: ECs contain substances that can form toxic compounds such as aldehydes and heavy metals when inhaled. Studies in animal models and humans have reported damage to the respiratory, cardiovascular, and oral systems. Their popularity among youth is linked to social media, appealing flavors, and perceived low risk. Conclusions: ECs pose health risks comparable to conventional tobacco. Stricter regulations and local research are urgently needed to protect public health, particularly among younger populations.
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