Resumo
Objective. This meta-analysis (MA) aimed to assess the effectiveness of recreation on self-esteem and to analyze possible moderating variables. Method. Fifty-five studies were included, with 3782 participants, and 117 effect sizes (ES). The analyses comprised within-groups design, the random effects model, the Q statistic and inconsistency with the I2. Results. It was found that the ES of the experimental group was moderate, positive and significant (ES = .70). Recreational programs significantly improved self-esteem. In addition, the type of leadership of the activity, the type of recreational activity and the condition of the sample were variables that significantly moderated the ES of self-esteem. It is recommended to offer recreational activities to people from the ages of 9.5 to 79.
Referências
Las referencias marcadas con un asterisco indican los estudios incluidos en el meta-análisis.
*Alvear, F. A., Contreras, N. E., Díaz, R. R., & Lira, C. F. (2013). Influencias de las actividades en contacto con la naturaleza en la autoestima de alumnos de 5° básico del Colegio Nueva Holanda, Talca [Tesis de licenciatura, Universidad Católica del Maule]. SIBIBUCM. http://repositorio.ucm.cl/handle/ucm/2435
Aletheia Grupo Psicólogos. (2024, 31 marzo). Importancia de las emociones en la autoestima. https://aletheiagrupopsicologos.com/emociones-y-autoestima/
*Ballestero, C. A. (1999). Modificaciones del estado físico, anímico, calidad de vida y autoestima en adultas mayores por medio de un programa de actividad sistemática de Karate Do [Tesis de maestría, Universidad de Costa Rica]. Repositorio SIBDI-UCR. http://repositorio.sibdi.ucr.ac.cr:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1134/1/19460.pdf
*Barrantes, Y., Berrocal, G., Jiménez, E., Solís, N., & Solís, J. P. (2004). Elaboración e implementación de un programa de actividad físico recreativa para mejorar la autoestima en el adulto mayor [Tesis de licenciatura, Universidad Nacional]. Repositorio UNA. https://repositorio.una.ac.cr/handle/11056/15105?show=full
Barton, J., & Pretty, J. (2010). What is the best dose of nature and green exercise for improving mental health? A multi-study analysis. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(10), 3947-3955. https://doi.org/10.1021/es903183r
*Basaran, Z. (2016a). The effect of recreational activities on the self-esteem and loneliness level of the prisoners as an alternative education. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(5), 1080-1088. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2016.040518
*Basaran, Z. (2016b). The effect of sportive and cultural activities on the self-esteem and hope of the children who have tendency to ınvolve in a crime. Educational Research and Reviews, 11(14), 1324-1330. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2015.2242
*Bayazit, B. (2014). The effect of recreational activities on self-esteem development of girls in adolescence. Educational Research and Reviews, 9(20), 920-924. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2014.1860
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009). Introduction to Meta-analysis. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
*Bunn, C., Donnachie, C., Wyke, S., Hunt, K., Brennan, G., Lennox, J., Maclean, A., & Gray, C. M. (2018). Can professional football clubs deliver a weight management programme for women: A feasibility study. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1330-1342. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6255-2
*Cadmus, L. A., Salovey, P., Yu, H., Chung, G., Kasl, S., & Irwin, M. L. (2009). Exercise and quality of life during and after treatment for breast cancer: Results of two randomized controlled trials. Psycho-Oncology, 18(4), 343-352. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.1525
Cai, H., Wu, Q., & Brown, J. D. (2009). Is self-esteem a universal need? Evidence from The People’s Republic of China. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 12(2), 104-120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2009.01278.x
*Calderón, G., Delgado, M., & Oviedo, M. (2005). Efecto de un programa de actividades físico recreativo y otro de actividades deportivas competitivas sobre la autoestima, y los estados de ánimo en privados de libertad del centro atención institucional Dr. Gerardo Rodríguez Echeverría [Tesis licenciatura, Universidad Nacional]. Repositorio UNA. https://repositorio.una.ac.cr/handle/11056/14195?show=full
*Castellón, A., Rubio, R., & Aleixandre, M. (1999). Nivel de autoestima en los mayores tras un programa de ocio. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 34(4), 225-229. https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-revista-espanola-geriatria-gerontologia-124-articulo-nivel-autoestima-mayores-tras-un-13006093
*Cheung, A., Li, H., Ho, K., Lam, K., Ho, L. K., Chiu, S., Chan, G., & Chung, O. (2018). Efficacy of musical training on psychological outcomes and quality of life in Chinese pediatric brain tumor survivors. Psycho-Oncology, 28(1), 174-180. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4929
*Ching-Teng, Y., Ya-Ping, Y., & Yu-Chia, C. (2019). Positive effects of art therapy on depression and self-esteem of older adults in nursing homes. Social Work in Health Care, 58(3), 324-338. https://doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2018.1564108
Codina, N., & Freire, T. (2020). Imbalances in the study of the relationship between leisure and self-esteem: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15), 2-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155555
*Cruzado, A., & Santa, Á. F. (2017). Efectos de un programa de arte terapia en la autoestima de un grupo de estudiantes víctimas de bullying de una institución educativa privada de Lambayeque [Tesis de licenciatura, Universidad Señor de Sipán]. Repositorio Institucional USS. https://repositorio.uss.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/20.500.12802/4454/Cruzado%20Cruzado%20-%20Santa%20Cruz%20Albujar.pdf?sequence=1
*Davidson, L., Shahar, G., Stayner, D., Chinman, M., Rakfeldt, J., & Tebes, J. (2004). Supported socialization for people with psychiatric disabilities: Lessons from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Community Psychology, 32(4), 453-477. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20013
*DeBate, R. D., Gabriel, K. P., Zwald, M., Huberty, J., & Zhang, Y. (2009). Changes in psychosocial factors and physical activity frequency among third- to eighth-grade girls who participated in a developmentally focused youth sport program: A preliminary study. Journal of School Health, 79(10), 474-484. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2009.00437.x
*Devine, M. A., & Dawson, S. (2010). The effect of residential camp experience on self esteem and social acceptance of youth with craniofacial differences. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 44(2), 105-120. https://www.bctra.org/wp-content/uploads/tr_journals/886-3462-1-PB.pdf
Ekeland, E., Heian, F., & Hagen, K. B. (2005). Can exercise improve self esteem in children and young people? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(11), 792-798. https://doi.org/ 10.1136/bjsm.2004.017707
*Escolar, R. L., & De Guzman, A. B. (2014). Effects of third age learning programs on the life satisfaction, self-esteem, and depression level among a select group of community dwelling Filipino elderly. Educational Gerontology, 40(2), 77-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2012.701157
*Fraser, C., & Keating, M. (2014). The effect of a creative art program on self-esteem, hope, perceived social support, and self-efficacy in individuals with multiple sclerosis: A pilot study. The Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 46(6), 330-336. https://doi.org/10.1097/JNN.0000000000000094
*Graugnard, C. A. (2011). Efectos de un programa de recreación al aire libre en la autoestima y estados de ánimo de adolescentes del Hogar Bíblico Roble Alto [Tesis de maestría inédita]. Universidad de Costa Rica.
*Gutiérrez, M. (2009). Propuesta de un programa recreativo formativo para mejorar la autoestima de niños y niñas de la Escuela Rincón Grande de Pavas, atendida por el PANI [Tesis de maestría inédita]. Universidad de Costa Rica.
Harris, M. A., & Orth, U. (2020). The link between self-esteem and social relationships: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(6), 1459-1477. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000265
*Hauge, H., Kvalem, I. L., Berget, B., Enders-Slegers, M.-J., & Braastad, B. O. (2014). Equine-assisted activities and the impact on perceived social support, self-esteem and self-efficacy among adolescents - an intervention study. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 19(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2013.779587
Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1985). Statistical Methods for Meta-analysis. Academic Press.
Hernández, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, P. (2014). Metodología de la investigación (6ta. ed.). McGraw-Hill.
*Herrera-Mor, E., Pablos-Monzó, A., Chiva-Bartoll, O., & Pablos-Abella, C. (2016). Efectos de un programa integral de ejercicio físico sobre la condición física, la autoestima y el grado de diversión en adultos mayores. Agora, 18(2), 167-183. http://repositori.uji.es/xmlui/handle/10234/165976
*Hunter, J. A., Hayhurst, J. G., Kafka, S., Boyes, M., Ruffman, T., O’Brien, K. S., & Stringer, M. (2013). Elevated self-esteem 12 months following a 10-day developmental voyage. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(9), 1956-1961. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12132
Jiménez-Díaz, J., Salazar-Rojas, W., & Araya-Vargas, G. (2021). El metaanálisis. Guía práctica para el investigador [Manuscrito inédito]. Escuela de Educación Física y Deportes, y Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano, Universidad de Costa Rica.
*Jung, J.-Y., Park, S.-Y., & Kim, J.-K. (2018). The effects of a client-centered leisure activity program on satisfaction, self-esteem, and depression in elderly residents of a long-term care facility. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 30(1), 73-76. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.30.73
*Junkin, S. E. (2007). Yoga and self-esteem: Exploring change in middle-aged women [Tesis de maestría, University of Saskatchewan]. Harvest. https://harvest.usask.ca/bitstream/handle/10388/etd-08212007-141754/Sarah_Junkin_Thesis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
*Kafka, S., Hunter, J., Hayhurst, J., Boyes, M., Thomson, R., Clarke, H., Grocott, A., Stringer, M., & O’Brien, K. S. (2012). A 10-day developmental voyage: Converging evidence from three studies showing that self-esteem may be elevated and maintained without negative outcomes. Social Psychology of Education, 15, 571-601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-012-9177-3
Kang, Y. (2019). The relationship between contingent self-esteem and trait self-esteem. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 47(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.7575
Kim, S., Sung, J., Park, J., & Dittmore, S. W. (2015). The relationship among leisure attitude, satisfaction, and psychological wellbeing for college students. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 15(1), 70-76. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2015.01012
Lawendowski, R., & Bieleninik, L. (2017). Identity and self-esteem in the context of music and music therapy: A review. Health Psychology Report, 5(2), 85-99. https://doi.org/10.5114/hpr.2017.64785
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009). The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: Explanation and elaboration. BMJ, 339, b2700. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2700
*Li, F., Harmer, P., Chaumeton, N., Duncan, T., & Duncan, S. (2002). Tai chi as a means to enhance self-esteem: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 21(1), 70-89. https://doi.org/10.1177/073346480202100105
Liu, M., Wu, L., & Ming, Q. (2015). How does physical activity intervention improve self-esteem and self-concept in children and adolescents? Evidence from a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 10(8), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134804
Litwiller, F., White, C., Gallant, K. A., Gilbert, R., Hutchinson, S., Hamilton-Hinch, B., & Lauckner, H. (2017). The benefits of recreation for the recovery and social inclusion of individuals with mental illness: An integrative review. Leisure Sciences, 39(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2015.1120168
*Maïano, C., Ninot, G., Morin, A. J. S., & Bilard, J. (2007). Effects of sport participation on the basketball skills and physical self of adolescents with conduct disorders. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 24(2), 178-196. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.24.2.178
*McAuley, E., Blissmer, B., Katula, J., Duncan, T. E., & Mihalko, S. L. (2000). Physical activity, self-esteem, and self-efficacy relationships in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 22(2), 131-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02895777
*McAuley, E., Mihalko, S. L., & Bane, S. M. (1997). Exercise and self-esteem in middle-aged adults: Multidimensional relationships and physical fitness and self-efficacy influences. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 20(1), 67-83. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1025591214100
McKay, C. (2012). The psychological benefits of participation in leisure pursuits for adolescents [Bachelor Thesis, University of New Hampshire]. University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository. https://scholars.unh.edu/honors/25
McLeod, S. A. (2019, October 24). Social identity theory. Simply Psychology. Simply Psychology. www.simplypsychology.org/social-identity-theory.html
*Moons, P., Barrea, C., De Wolf, D., Gewillig, M., Massin, M., Mertens, L., Ovaert, C., Suys, B., & Sluysmans, T. (2006). Changes in perceived health of children with congenital heart disease after attending a special sports camp. Pediatric Cardiology, 27(1), 67-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-005-1021-5
*Moons, P., Barrea, C., Suys, B., Ovaert, C., Boshoff, D., Eyskens, B., Vandenrijn, C., & Sluysmans, T. (2006). Improved perceived health status persists three months after a special sports camp for children with congenital heart disease. European Journal of Pediatrics, 165, 767-772. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-006-0171-7
*Moraleda-Ruano, A., & Martínez-Cabezón, A. C. (2017). Dimensión afectiva de personas con trastorno mental grave a través de la formación artística. Arte-terapia: "Proyecto E-Motion". EduPsykhé. Revista de Psicología y Educación, 16(1), 66-85. https://doi.org/10.57087/edupsykhe.v16i1.4084
*Munson, W. W. (1988). Effects of leisure education versus physical activity or informal discussion on behaviorally disordered youth offenders. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 5(4), 305-317. https://doi.org/10.1123/APAQ.5.4.305
*Munson, W. W. (1994). Description and field test of a career development course for male youth offenders with disabilities. Journal of Career Development, 20, 205-218. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02105650
*Munson, W. W., Baker, S. B., & Lundegren, H. M. (1985). Strength training and leisure counseling as treatments for institutionalized juvenile delinquents. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 2(1), 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2.1.65
*Murillo, D. (2012). Influencia de un programa recreativo sobre la autoestima, la percepción subjetiva del ambiente de grupo y las relaciones interpersonales en varones adolescentes residentes en la Ciudad Hogar Calasanz [Tesis de maestría inédito]. Universidad de Costa Rica.
*Musanti, R. (2011). A study of exercise modality and physical self-esteem in breast cancer survivors. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 44(2), 352-361. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31822cb5f2
Naranjo, M. L. (2007). Autoestima: Un factor relevante en la vida de la persona y tema esencial del proceso educativo. Revista Electrónica Actualidades Investigativas en Educación, 7(3), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.15517/aie.v7i3.9296
*Opdenacker, J., Delecluse, C., & Boen, F. (2009). The longitudinal effects of a lifestyle physical activity intervention and a structured exercise intervention on physical self-perceptions and self-esteem in older adults. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31(6), 743-760. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.6.743
*Petryshen, P., Hawkins, J., & Fronchak, T. (2001). An evaluation of the social recreation component of a community mental health program. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 24(3), 293-298. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0095083
*Piwkom, T., & Nimnatipun, S. (2020). The effectiveness of recreation program on self-esteem of aging in the Elderly Club of Danmeakhmmon Subdistrict, Uttaradit Province, Thailand. Unnes Journal of Public Health, 9(2), 86-90. https://doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v9i2.36286
*Psychou, D., Kokaridas, D., Koulouris, N., Theodorakis, Y., & Krommidas, C. (2019). The effect of exercise on improving quality of life and self-esteem of inmates in Greek prisons. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 14(2), 374-384. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.142.10
*Remor, E., & Martins, S. (2009). Efecto diferencial del componente lúdico dentro de un programa específico de ejercicio físico para personas mayores sobre la autoestima, autoeficacia y satisfacción con la vida. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 4(2), 233-252. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3111/311126265005.pdf
Respress, T., & Lutfi, C. (2006). Whole brain learning: The fine arts with students at risk. Reclaiming Children and Youth: The Journal of Strength-based Intervention, 15(1), 24-51. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ747654
*Rodríguez, V. (2006). Efecto agudo y crónico de un programa de movimiento creativo sobre la autoestima, el estado de ánimo, el tiempo de reacción, la memoria auditiva a corto plazo y la calidad de vida de personas adultas mayores [Tesis de maestría, Universidad de Costa Rica]. Repositorio SIBDI-UCR. http://repositorio.sibdi.ucr.ac.cr:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/909/1/27459.pdf
*Russell, W. D., Corder, S., & Kraft, J. A. (2011). Outcomes of a mentor-led youth wellness program: G.A.M.E. (Goal Accomplishment Through Mentoring and Exercise) on Griffs! Missouri Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 21, 74-87.
Salazar, C. G. (2017). Recreación (2da. ed.). Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica.
Salazar, C. G. (2022, 11-12 noviembre). Recreación y derechos humanos [Charla inaugural]. VI Encuentro en Recreación, Esparcimiento y Tiempo Libre “Recreación: Derecho de todas las personas, no privilegio”, Maestría Profesional en Recreación, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José.
*Salazar-Camacho, J. C. (2011). Efectos de la práctica del yoga como actividad recreativa en el estado de ánimo y en la autoestima en la población [Tesis de maestría inédita]. Universidad de Costa Rica.
*Sandoval, A. (2019). Autoestima, motivación y autoeficacia en personas adultas que participan en un campamento recreativo a cargo de la ONG Conquistadores de Costa Rica [Tesis de maestría, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José]. Kérwá Repositorio. https://www.kerwa.ucr.ac.cr/bitstream/handle/10669/79925/AndreyMata-Maestr%C3%ADaRecreaci%C3%B3nUCR2019.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
*Seabra, A., Katzmarzyk, P., Carvalho, M. J., Seabra, A., Coelho-E-Silva, M., Abreu, S., Vale, S., Póvoas, S., Nascimento, H., Belo, L., Torres, S., Oliveira, J., Mota, J., Santos-Silva, A., Rêgo, C., & Malina, R. M. (2016). Effects of 6-month soccer and traditional physical activity programmes on body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammatory, oxidative stress markers and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese boys. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(19), 1822-1829. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1140219
*Seabra, A., Seabra, A., Brito, J., Krustrup, P., Hansen, P., Mota, J., Rebelo, A., Rêgo, C., & Malina, R. (2014). Effects of a 5-month football program on perceived psychological status and body composition of overweight boys. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 24(51), 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12268
Sedgwick, P., & Marston, L. (2015). How to read a funnel plot in a meta-analysis. British Medical Journal, 351, h4718. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h4718
*Silva, R., & Mayán-Santos, J. (2016). Beneficios psicológicos de un programa proactivo de ejercicio físico para personas mayores. Escritos de Psicología, 9(1), 24-32. https://doi.org/10.24310/espsiescpsi.v9i1.13197
Smart, N. A., Waldron, M., Ismail, H., Giallauria, F., Vigorito, C., Cornelissen, V., & Dieberg, G. (2014). Validation of a new tool for the assessment of study quality and reporting in exercise training studies: TESTEX. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare, 13(1), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1097/XEB.0000000000000020
Sonstroem, R. J., & Morgan, W. P. (1989). Exercise and self-esteem: Rationale and model. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 21(3), 329-337. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198906000-00018
Spence, J. C., McGannon, K. R., & Poon, P. (2005). The effect of exercise on global self-esteem: A quantitative review. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 27(3), 311-334. https://doi.org/10.1123/JSEP.27.3.311
Thomas, J., & Nelson, J. (2007). Métodos de investigación en actividad física. Human Kinetics.
Thomsen, J. M., Powell, R. B., & Monz, C. (2018). A systematic review of the physical and mental health benefits of wildland recreation. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 36(1), 123-148. https://doi.org/10.18666/JPRA-2018-V36-I1-8095
*Tihanyi-Hős, A. (2005). The effects of guided systematic aerobic dance programme on the self-esteem of adults. Kinesiology, 37(2), 141-150. https://hrcak.srce.hr/4127
*Vindas, C. (2004). Efecto de un programa de actividades deportivo-recreativas sobre el estado de ánimo, la autoestima y la condición aeróbica en personas fármaco-dependientes no activas en proceso de recuperación [Tesis licenciatura, Universidad Nacional]. Repositorio UNA. https://repositorio.una.ac.cr/handle/11056/14196?show=full
*Yiğiter, K. (2014). The effects of participation in regular exercise on self-esteem and hopelessness of female university students. Social Behavior and Personality, 42(8), 1233-1244. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.8.1233
*Yiğiter, K., & Bayazıt, B. (2013). Impact of the recreational physical activities on university students’ problem-solving skills and self-esteem in Turkey. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2(3), 424-429. https://european-science.com/eojnss/article/view/244
*Yiğiter, K., Sarı, I., Ulusoy, Y., & Soyer, F. (2011). Examining the effect of recreational activities on university students' self-esteem. Sport Scientific and Practical Aspects, 8(2), 15-19. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271506992_Examining_The_Effect_of_Recreational_Activities_On_University_Students'_Self-Esteem
Zuckerman, M., Li, C., & Hall, J. A. (2016). When men and women differ in self-esteem and when they don’t: A meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 64, 34-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.07.007
Comentários
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2024 Cecilia Enith Romero-Barquero, Carmen Grace Salazar Salas