Morphological characterization of advanced lines of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) from central Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2025.61651Keywords:
Genetic diversity, plant morphology, biological trait, plant breedingAbstract
Introduction. Of the five cultivated species of pepper, Capsicum annuum L. is the most important in the world, with great demand in the food, medicine, and cosmetology industries, among others. Mexico has the greatest diversity of cultivated types, highlighting jalapeño, guajillo, ancho, serrano and habanero. However, there are farmers who plant native materials that need to be studied and preserved, such as mulato and chilaca. There are no improved commercial cultivars for some types, such as chilaca, so producers depend on the seed they produce. Objective. Morphologically characterize advanced lines of different types of C. annuum from central Mexico. Materials and methods. The work was carried out in the spring summer 2022 and 2023 cycles, at the Bajío Experimental Station, Celaya, Gto., Mexico. In 32 advanced lines of C. annumm, 42 traits were evaluated based on UPOV guidelines (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) and the IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources Institute) guide. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and subjected to a cluster and correspondence analysis. Results. Morphological variation showed that fifteen plant, leaf and fruit traits were decisive in differentiating types and lines of chili. Based on similar traits, they were placed in five groups with the cluster analysis, where groups I and III were made up of three types of chilies and six traits presented the highest positive eigenvectors. Conclusions. The observed diversity revealed determining morphological characteristics to differentiate types and lines of chili peppers, which undoubtedly must complete their genetic improvement process.
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