La inflamación uterina afecta el desempeño reproductivo de las vacas lecheras: una revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/ma.v29i2.29852Palabras clave:
endometritis, enfermedades uterinas, fertilidad, factores de riesgo, eficiencia reproductora.Resumen
El ganado lechero, entre otros desafíos, presenta enfermedades uterinas post parto que afectan su reproducción, por tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión de literatura fue generar una visión desde múltiples aristas acerca de las enfermedades uterinas y el desempeño reproductivo de la vaca lechera desde un enfoque zootécnico. La vaca lechera enfrenta múltiples retos en el momento del parto. Inmunosupresión alrededor del parto, exposición a trauma y contaminación uterina, enfermedades metabólicas, lactancia y cambios en el manejo, hacen a la vaca lechera un animal vulnerable de sufrir algún tipo de enfermedad uterina. La mayoría de las vacas pueden eliminar la infección uterina después del parto, sin embargo, un porcentaje de los animales mantienen la infección uterina. Esta infección puede presentarse con signos clínicos o subclínicos que también afectan la fertilidad. El pobre desempeño reproductivo no se da por causa de dichos signos, sino más bien por alteraciones en la función ovárica y uterina. Además, el problema para los ganaderos, es que se dan cuenta de la enfermedad uterina subclínica, hasta que la misma generó las consecuencias negativas sobre el rendimiento reproductivo del animal. Algunas veces, la enfermedad uterina está presente incluso hasta el momento del primer servicio post parto. Esta enfermedad hace más difícil que la vaca quede preñada, debido a que afecta tanto el establecimiento como el mantenimiento de la preñez, lo cual constituye una fuente de infertilidad que eleva el desecho de animales y disminuye los ingresos en la actividad lechera.
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