Efecto de la composición racial sobre la calidad espermática de verracos

Autores/as

  • Anthony Valverde-Abarca Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3191-6965
  • Mónica Madrigal-Valverde Becaria de la Organización de Estados Americanos-Grupo Coimbra de Universidades Brasileñas (OEA-GCUB-CAPES).
  • Marlen Camacho-Calvo Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR), Escuela de Agronomía, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Agricultura Sostenible del Trópico Húmedo, Sede Regional San Carlos.
  • Adones Zambrana-Jiménez Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR), Escuela de Agronomía, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Agricultura Sostenible del Trópico Húmedo, Sede Regional San Carlos.
  • Leonardo López Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR), Escuela de Agronomía, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Agricultura Sostenible del Trópico Húmedo, Sede Regional San Carlos.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/ma.v29i3.32445

Palabras clave:

cerdo, espermatozoo, semen, reproducción.

Resumen

 

 La evaluación de la calidad seminal constituye una herramienta para mejorar los índices reproductivos en las granjas porcinas. La movilidad del espermatozoide es un parámetro que se utiliza en la evaluación de la calidad espermática, porque se relaciona con el nivel de energía del gameto masculino. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia de la composición racial sobre variables reproductivas de calidad, cinética y movilidad del semen en verracos. Durante el año 2016, se recolectaron 240 eyaculados de 63 verracos con una edad media de 24,4±10,9 meses. Se identificaron seis grupos raciales: Duroc (D), Yorkshire (Y), Landrace (L), F1 Pietrain*Duroc (PD) y dos líneas genéticas (LA y LB). Los grupos raciales con mayor volumen de eyaculado presentaron un número total de espermatozoides más elevado (P<0,05). El efecto del grupo racial fue significativo (P<0,05) sobre las variables de cinética espermática, excepto para la amplitud del desplazamiento lateral de la cabeza (ALH, μm). La raza Landrace presentó el mayor (P<0,05) porcentaje de espermatozoides estáticos (29,30±1,57). Las diferencias más relevantes (P<0,05) para motilidad total (MTOT) y mótiles progresivos (MP), se presentaron entre L y PD con valores de 70,71±1,57; 77,48±1,09 y 51,80±1,97; 59,85±1,37%, respectivamente. Los verracos adultos (≥18 meses) presentaron mayores volúmenes de eyaculado y número total de espermatozoides con respecto a los verracos de edades intermedias y jóvenes, sin embargo, para las velocidades (μm/s): curvilínea (VCL), rectilínea (VSL) y promedio (VAP), los verracos adultos fueron distintos (P<0,05) de los verracos en edad intermedia. Se identificaron cuatro subpoblaciones espermáticas (SP), SP1 (46,83%) caracterizadas por una velocidad moderada, pero de movimiento muy progresivo, SP2 (14,78%) con movimiento activo, pero no progresivo, SP3 (8,45%) con velocidades bajas y trayectorias progresivas y SP4 (29,94%) con movimiento muy rápido, pero sin progresividad.

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Biografía del autor/a

Anthony Valverde-Abarca, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica

Profesor-Investigador

Escuela de Agronomía

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Publicado

2018-09-01

Cómo citar

Valverde-Abarca, A., Madrigal-Valverde, M., Camacho-Calvo, M., Zambrana-Jiménez, A., & López, L. (2018). Efecto de la composición racial sobre la calidad espermática de verracos. Agronomía Mesoamericana, 29(3), 485–506. https://doi.org/10.15517/ma.v29i3.32445