Probióticos y su mecanismo de acción en alimentación animal

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v30i2.34432

Palabras clave:

microorganismos benéficos, salud animal, piensos, aditivos, promotores del crecimiento, flora microbiana

Resumen

Introducción. En la producción pecuaria con fines comerciales, es frecuente usar aditivos para aumentar la efectividad de los nutrientes presentes en el alimento, su disponibilidad y absorción en el tracto gastrointestinal,además, de modular la flora intestinal de los animales y promover su crecimiento y productividad. Los antibióticos han sido los aditivos más utilizados en las últimas décadas en producción animal en el mundo. Objetivo. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica fue describir y analizar el uso de probióticos como aditivos en nutrición animal y como alternativa al uso de antibióticos como promotores de crecimiento en la producción pecuaria comercial. Desarrollo. En esta recopilación se analiza la definición actual de probióticos aceptada por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO) y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), se describen losmicroorganismos permitidos como probióticos en nutrición animal en Costa Rica y Estados Unidos, y se explican sus principales mecanismos de acción en animales productivos. Los probióticos son organismos vivos que cuando son administrados en cantidades adecuadas confieren un beneficio para la salud del hospedero, este efecto debe estar probado y superar al efecto del placebo. Los microorganismos usados como probióticos en nutriciónanimal no deben ser patógenos para los animales y deben ser resistentes a los procesos de elaboración de alimentosy piensos. Se ha reportado que el beneficio de los probióticos en animales productivos, se debe principalmente a que estos fomentan el balance microbiano en el tubo digestivo y la modulación del sistema inmune, resultando en un aumento en la digestión y absorción de nutrientes, y disminuyen la incidencia de enfermedades infecciosas.Conclusión. El uso de diferentes probióticos en animales productivos para aumentar el rendimiento y la salud animal,ha sido comprobado en diferentes especies productivas y su uso es promisorio como promotor de crecimiento en lugarde antibióticos.

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Publicado

2019-05-01

Cómo citar

Molina, A. (2019). Probióticos y su mecanismo de acción en alimentación animal. Agronomía Mesoamericana, 30(2), 601–611. https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v30i2.34432

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Revisiones bibliográficas