Lirio acuático (Eichhornia crassipes): una revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.v33i1.44201Palabras clave:
Eichhornia crssipes, plantas hidrófitas, especies invasorasResumen
Introducción. El lirio acuático (Eichhornia crassipes) es una planta hidrófita libre flotante de la familia Pontederiaceae. Es una de las plantas acuáticas con mejor reproducción y tasa de crecimiento, por lo cual se extiende y forma tapetes o esteras que constriñen a las plantas nativas sumergidas y flotantes, disminuye la entrada de luz en los cuerpos de agua y disminuye el oxígeno disuelto en el agua. Objetivo. Realizar una revisión bibliográfica del lirio acuático que permita a la comunidad científica una mejor comprensión de una especie invasora, así como los efectos que provoca en el ecosistema. Desarrollo. La capacidad invasiva de esta planta pone en peligro diversos ecosistemas, ya que aprovecha las aguas ricas en nutrientes. Además, las densas colonias flotadoras causan que el contenido de oxígeno descienda hasta cero debajo de su manto, lo que provoca daños a los ecosistemas. Conclusiones. El lirio acuático es una de las plantas acuáticas más invasoras del mundo, ya que causa efectos ecológicos y socioeconómicos. Esta planta se ha usado como fitorremediadora, en la remoción de organofosforados, lo que indica que se puede usar para limpiar aguas residuales. Además, puede usarse en la producción de etanol, papel, composta, biogás, alimento humano, forraje animal, fibra y en la extracción de ácidos grasos volátiles.
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