Congelación isocórica: ventajas y oportunidades de investigación en la industria de alimentos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2023.52879Palabras clave:
congelación, Preservación de alimentos, punto de congelación, calidadResumen
Introducción. La congelación isocórica (a volumen constante) es una tecnología novel que ha sido evaluada en diferentes investigaciones para demostrar los posibles beneficios para la industria alimentaria. Objetivo. Presentar un resumen general sobre el mercado de alimentos congelados, las tecnologías de congelación utilizadas, así como las emergentes, y estudiar a profundidad los fundamentos teóricos de la congelación isocórica y las ventajas en la industria alimentaria con respecto a los sistemas tradicionales de congelación y evidenciar los posibles campos de investigación relacionados con dicha tecnología. Desarrollo. Este trabajo fue realizado en Costa Rica entre febrero de 2022 y junio del 2022, y se describe el contexto general del mercado de alimentos congelados, las tecnologías utilizadas en la industria, el principio termodinámico de la tecnología isocórica, las ventajas fisicoquímicas, microbiológicas y energéticas, y finaliza con los posibles campos de investigación y desventajas hasta ahora encontradas. Conclusión. La congelación isocórica presenta ventajas importantes respecto a los procesos de congelación actuales en la industria de alimentos, sin embargo, es necesario realizar más estudios respecto a aspectos microbiológicos, así como optimizar los parámetros de proceso y equipos para generar un cambio en el sistema de congelación a nivel mundial.
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