Revista de Ciencias Económicas ISSN Impreso: 0252-9521 ISSN electrónico: 2215-3489

OAI: https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/economicas/oai
Effect of the migratory status in the income and gender wage gap of Costa Rican immigrants living in the northeast of the United States
PDF (Español (España))
EPUB (Español (España))

Supplementary Files

MP3 (Español (España))

Keywords

IMMIGRATION
UNAUTHORIZED IMMIGRANT
GENDER WAGE GAP
MIGRATORY STATUS
MIGRACIÓN
MIGRANTE IRREGULAR
BRECHAS DE GÉNERO
ESTATUS MIGRATORIO

How to Cite

Arroyo-González, J. (2020). Effect of the migratory status in the income and gender wage gap of Costa Rican immigrants living in the northeast of the United States. Revista De Ciencias Económicas, 38(1), 41–70. https://doi.org/10.15517/rce.v38i1.42574

Abstract

This is the first study regarding the income of Costa Rican immigrants in the northeast of the United States. The estimations were possible after the submission of a questionnaire during the first semester of 2018. The study shows that the majority of the population lives in New Jersey; that 32% of the population lives under an irregular migratory status; that almost 90% of the population has a job, but women are 11.29% less likely to be employed than men. The study shows that the legal authorization for work in the U.S. does not impact the income of the majority of the population, moreover, it would represent a 29% decrease in the income of men who work in basic-skilled occupations. Also, showed that women receive 23.8% less income than men and there is statistical evidence that supports the existence of a discriminatory component against women.

https://doi.org/10.15517/rce.v38i1.42574
PDF (Español (España))
EPUB (Español (España))

References

Aptekar, S. (2015). The road to citizenship. What naturalization means for immigrants and the United States. Nueva Jersey: Rutgers University Press.

Becker, G. (1962). Investment in Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis. Journal of Political Economy, 70(5), 9–49. JSTOR.

Borjas, G (2017, marzo). The Earnings of Undocumented Immigrants (Harvard Kennedy School Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP17-013).

Boswell, C. (2002). Addressing the causes of migratory and refugee movements: the role of the European Union. (Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy Working Paper No. 73).)

Caamaño, C. (2010). La experiencia transnacional de la migración de costarricenses hacia Estados Unidos. San José, Costa Rica: Editorial UCR.

Caicedo, M. (2015). La desigualdad salarial entre inmigrantes latinoamericanos y nativos en Estados Unidos (1980-2010). Norteamérica, 10(1), 133–164. https://doi.org/10.20999/nam.2015.a005

Capps, R., Bachmeier, J., Fix, M., Van-Hook, J. (2013). A demographic, socioeconomic and health coverage profile of unauthorized immigrants in the Unites States. (Migration Policy Institute Issue Brief N° 5). https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/demographic-socioeconomic-and-health-coverage-profile-unauthorized-immigrants-united-states

Capps, R., Fix, M. & Zong, J. (2016, junio). A profile of US children with unauthorized immigrant parents. (Migration Policy Institute, Fact Sheets). https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/profile-us-children-unauthorized-immigrant-parents.

Cedeño, J., González, A. & Pizarro, K. (2015). Discriminación salarial por género en Costa Rica durante los ciclos económicos del período 1992-2013. (Tesis para optar por grado de Licenciatura), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José. http://hdl.handle.net/10669/29982

Consulado General de Costa Rica en Nueva York (2017). Sistema de Gestión Consular. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, San José: Departamento Consular

Ennis, S. R., Ríos-Vargas, M., & Albert, N. G. (2011). The Hispanic Population: 2010. (United States Census Bureau, Report Number C2010BR-04). https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2011/dec/c2010br-04.html

Guilford, G. (2017, 29 de marzo). Unauthorized workers in the US now earn almost as much as those who work legally. Revista Económica Qwartz. Recuperado el 19 de octubre de 2017, de https://qz.com/939526/things-have-been-getting-better-for-americas-unauthorized-immigrants/

Heckman, J. J. (1976). The Common structure of statistical models truncation, sample selection and limited dependent variables and a simple estimator for such models. Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, 5(4), 475-492. https://www.nber.org/chapters/c10491

Heckman, J. J. (1979). Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error. Econometrica, 47(1), 153–161. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912352

Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (2014). Clasificación de ocupaciones de Costa Rica. Recuperado el 4 de abril de 2019 de https://www.inec.cr/documento/inec-2011-clasificacion-de-ocupaciones-de-costa-rica-ciiuo-08-manual-de-ocupaciones-marzo

Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (2014). Costa Rica a la luz del Censo del 2011. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos. Recuperado el 19 de octubre de 2017 de https://www.inec.cr/documento/censo-2011-simposiocosta-rica-la-luz-del-censo-2011

Lara Lara, J. (2017). Ingresos laborales en México y Estados Unidos para migrantes temporales. Migraciones internacionales, 9(1), 95–117. SCIELO

Kordick-Rothe, C. (2007). “Primeros emigrantes de Costa Rica a Nueva York y Nueva Jersey”. En Sandoval, C. (comp.). El mito roto. Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, Universidad de Costa Rica, pp. 177-192.

Massey, D. S., & García-España, F. (1987). The Social Process of International Migration. Science, 237(4816), 733–738. JSTOR.

Min Kim, S., Bahrampour, T. & Wagner, J. (2019, 11 de julio). Trump retreats on adding citizenship question to 2020 Census. Washington Post. Recuperado el 30 de enero de 2020 de https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-to-hold-news-conference-on-census-as-he-mulls-executive-action-to-add-a-citizenship-question/2019/07/11/c0eb7cb6-a3c8-11e9-b8c8-75dae2607e60_story.html

Mincer, J. (1974). Schooling, Experience and Earnings. National Bureau of Economic Research.

Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores (2001). Reglamento al Estatuto del Servicios Exterior de la República No. 29428-RE. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Decreto Ejecutivo Poder Ejecutivo de Costa Rica. Recuperado el 30 de noviembre de 2017 de http://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx

Morales, N. & Segura, R. (2018). Barreras de acceso al mercado laboral y predicción de movilidad laboral entre sectores económicos con enfoque de género. San José, Costa Rica: Informe del Estado de la Nación. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12337/2972

National Partneship for Women and Families (2017). Latinas and the Wage Gap. (National Partneship for Women and Families, Fact Sheet). Recuperado el 24 de agosto de 2017 de http://www.nationalpartnership.org/research-library/workplace-fairness/fair-pay/latinas-wage-gap.pdf

National Women’s Law Center (2017a). Frequent Asked Questions about the wage gap. (National Women’s Law Center, Fact Sheet). Recuperado el 4 de octubre de 2017 de https://nwlc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/FAQ-About-the-Wage-Gap-2017.pdf

National Women’s Law Center (2017b). The wage gap by state for latinas. (National Women’s Law Center, Fact Sheet). Recuperado el 4 de octubre de 2017 de https://nwlc.org/resources/wage-gap-state-latinas/

Oaxaca, R. L., & Ransom, M. R. (1994). On discrimination and the decomposition of wage differentials. Journal of Econometrics, 61(1), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(94)90074-4

Organización Internacional del Trabajo (2017). Labour migration in Latin America and the Caribbean. Diagnosis, Strategy and ILO's work in the Region. (ILO Technical Reports, 2016/2). Recuperado el 18 de octubre de 2017 de http://www.ilo.org/americas/publicaciones/WCMS_548185/lang--en/index.htm

Organización Internacional para las Migraciones (2015). Mapa interactivo de migraciones. Recuperado el 20 de octubre de 2017 de https://www.iom.int/world-migration

Solórzano, A (2018). Discriminación salarial por motivo de género en Costa Rica. (Ponencia presentada como investigación base para el Informe Estado de la Nación en Desarrollo Humano Sostenible, no. 24). http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12337/2971

Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (2013). Reglamento para el Ejercicio del Voto en el Exterior. Recuperado el 30 de octubre de 2017 de https://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/normativa/reglamentoparaelejerciciodelvotoenelextranjero.pdf

U.S. Census Bureau (2018). American Community Survey 2018. Selected population profiles y Public Use Microdata. Recuperados el 3 de junio de 2020 de https://data.census.gov/cedsci/

Unites States Department of Homeland Security (2018). Estimates of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population Residing in the United States. Recuperado el 30 de enero de 2020 de https://www.dhs.gov/immigration-statistics/population-estimates/unauthorized-resident

Comments

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.