Resumen
El presente artículo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer los resultados de un estudio enfocado en el impacto del feedback correctivo indirecto metalingüístico en la adquisición de aspectos gramaticales en inglés. El diseño de la investigación correspondió a un pre-experimento, cuya muestra fue constituida por 20 estudiantes de tercer año de un programa de formación de profesorado de inglés de una universidad chilena. El tratamiento consistió en la producción de cuatro ensayos argumentativos breves y la provisión de feedback correctivo indirecto sobre los errores gramaticales encontrados en cada uno de ellos. Después de la provisión de feedback, el estudiantado corregía sus errores y escribían un nuevo texto. Al comienzo y al final del tratamiento, se aplicó un test para observar si hubo una reducción en el número de errores gramaticales después de la intervención. Los resultados muestran que hubo una reducción estadísticamente significativa en el número de errores gramaticales después del tratamiento.
Citas
Allwright, D. y Bailey, K. (2004). Focus on the language classroom. Nueva York: Cambridge University Press.
Arias, O. y García, J. (2006). El papel de la revisión en los modelos de escritura. Aula Abierta, 88, 37-52.
Ashwell, T. (2000). Patterns of teacher response to student writing in a multiple-draft composition classroom: Is content feedback followed by form feedback the best method? Journal of Second Language Writing, 9(3), 227-257.
Bitchener, J. y Ferris, D. (2011). Written Corrective Feedback in Second Language Acquisition and Writing. Nueva York: Routledge, Taylor y Francis Group.
Bitchener, J. (2008). Evidence in support of written corrective feedback. Journal of Second Language Writing, 17(2), 102-118.
Bitchener, J., y Knoch, U. (2008). The value of written corrective feedback for migrant and international students. Language Teaching Research, 12(3), 409-431.
Bitchener, J., y Knoch, U. (2009). The relative effectiveness of different types of direct written corrective feedback. System, 37(2), 322-329.
Bitchener, J., y Knoch, U. (2010). The contribution of written corrective feedback to language development: a ten month investigation. Applied Linguistics, 31(2), 193-214.
Bitchener, J., Young, S., y Cameron, D. (2005). The effect of different types of corrective feedback on ESL student writing.Journal of Second Language Writing, 14(3), 191-205.
Blanco, A. (2002): El error en el proceso de aprendizaje. Cuadernos Cervantes de la lengua español, 8(38), 12-22.
Brown, H. (2000). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. New York: Addison Wesley Longman Inc.
Bustos, J. M. (2006). Principios metodológicos para el estudio de la ¿fosilización? en el aprendizaje del español como lengua extranjera: el buen aprendiz. En J. M. Bustos y J. Sánchez Iglesias (Coords.), La estabilización en el aprendizaje/adquisición del español como L2: el buen aprendiz (pp. 59-102). Salamanca: Hispano Lusa de Ediciones.
Chandler, J. (2003). The efficacy of various kinds of error feedback for improvement in the accuracy and fluency of L2 student writing. Journal of second language writing, 12(3), 267-296.
Doughty, C. y Williams, J. (2006). Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ellis, R. (1995). Interpretation tasks for grammar teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 29, 87–105.
Ellis, R. (2006). Researching the effects of form-focused instruction on L2 acquisition. AILA Review, 19(1), 18-41.
Ellis, R. (2009). A typology of written corrective feedback types. ELT journal, 63(2), 97-107.
Fathman, A. y Whalley, E. (1990). Teacher response to student writing: Focus on form versus content. En B. Kroll (ed.) Second language writing (Cambridge Applied Linguistics): Research insights for the classroom. pp. 178-190. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ferris, D. (1999). The case for grammar correction in L2 writing classes: A response to Truscott. Journal of Second Language Writing, 8(1), 1-11.
Ferris, D. (2002). Treatment of error in second language student writing. Estados Unidos: University of Michigan Press.
Ferris, D. (2003). Response to student writing: Implications for second language students. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Ferris, D. (2010). Second language writing research and written corrective feedback in SLA. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 32(2), 181-201.
Ferris, D. (2013). What L2 writing means to me: Texts, writers, contexts. Journal of Second Language Writing, 22(4), 151-179.
Ferris, D. y Helt, M. (2000). Was Truscott right? New evidence on the effects of error correction in L2 writing classes. En A. Collins (Presidencia). American Association of Applied Linguistics Conference. Conferencia llevada a cabo en Vancouver, BC.
Ferris, D. y Roberts, B. (2001). Error feedback in L2 writing classes: How explicit does it need to be? Journal of second language writing, 10(3), 161-184.
Frantzen, D. (1995). The effects of grammar supplementation on written accuracy in an intermediate Spanish content course. The Modern Language Journal, 79(3), 329-344.
Gass, S., Behney, J. y Plonsky, L. (2013). Second language acquisition: An introductory course. New York: Routledge.
Han, Z. (2002). A study of the impact of recasts on tense consistency in L2 output. Tesol Quarterly, 36(4), 543-572.
Hyland. K. (1990). A genre description of the argumentative essay. ELC Journal: A Journal of Language Teaching and Research in Southeast Asia, 21(1), 66-78
Jhwory, K. (2010). Does the provision of an intensive and highly focused indirect corrective feedback lead to accuracy? (Tesis de Maestría). University of North Texas, Texas.
Joy, R. (2005). The effect of feedback and instruction on writing quality: Legal writing and advanced L2 learners (Tesis de Doctorado). Washington University, Washington D.C.
Mineduc. (2014). Estándares orientadores para carreras de Pedagogía Media en Inglés. Recuperado de: https://bit.ly/2WJnE5V
Kepner, C. (1991). An Experiment in the Relationship of Types of Written Feedback to the Development of Second‐Language Writing Skills. The Modern Language Journal, 75(3), 305-313
Kessler, G. (2009). Student-initiated attention to form in wiki-based collaborative writing. Language. Learning y Technology, 13(1), 79-95.
Komura, K. (1999). Student response to error correction in ESL classrooms (Tesis de Maestría). California State University. Sacramento.
Lee, I. (1997). ESL learners' performance in error correction in writing: Some implications for teaching. System, 25(4), 465-477.
Myles, J. (2002). Second language writing and research: The writing process and error analysis in student texts. TESL-EJ, 6(2), 1-20.
Nassaji, H. y Fotos S. (2011). Teaching grammar in second language classrooms: Integrating form-focused instruction in communicative context. Londres: Routledge.
Neira, A. y Ferreira, A. (2011). Escritura académica: un modelo metodológico efectivo basado en tareas y enfoque cooperativo. Literatura y lingüística, 24, 143-159.
Oubourmerrad, M. (2013). Communicative dimensions of corrective feedback in the EFL classroom. Alemania: Lambert Academic Publishing.
Panova, I. y Lyster, R. (2002). Patterns of corrective feedback and uptake in an adult ESL classroom. TESOL Quarterly, 36(4), 573–595.
Reitbauer, M., Campbell, N., Mercer, S., Schumm, J., Vaupetitsch, R. (2013). Feedback matters. Current feedback practices in the EFL classroom. Nueva York: Peter Lang Edition.
Rennie, C. (2000). Error feedback in ESL writing classes: What do students really want. (Tesis de Maestría). University of Sacramento, California
Robb, T., Ross, S. y Shortreed, I. (1986). Salience of feedback on error and its effect on EFL writing quality.TESOL Quarterly, 20(1), 83-95.
Semke, H. (1984). Effects of the red pen. Foreign Language Annals, 17(3), 195-202.
Sheen, Y. (2004). Corrective feedback and learner uptake in communicative classrooms across instructional settings. Language Teaching Research, 8(3), 263-300.
Sheen, Y. (2007). The effect of focused written corrective feedback and language aptitude on ESL learners' acquisition of articles. TESOL Quarterly, 41(2), 255-283.
Sheen, Y. (2010). Differential effects of oral and written corrective feedback in the ESL classroom. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 32(2), 201-234.
Spada, N. y Lightbown, P. (1999). Instruction, first language influence, and developmental readiness in second language acquisition. The Modern Language Journal, 83(1), 1-22.
Srichanyachon, N. (2012). Teacher written feedback for L2 learners' writing development. Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, 12(1), 7-17.
Tatawy, M. (2002). Corrective feedback in second language acquisition, Columbia University. Working Papers in TESOL y Applied Linguistics, 2(2), 1-19.
Tapia, M., Burdiles, G. y Arancibia, B. (2003). Aplicación de una pauta diseñada para evaluar informes académicos universitarios. Signos, 36(54): 249-257.
Truscott, J. (1996). The case against grammar correction in L2 writing classes. Language learning, 46(2), 327-369.
Truscott, J. y Hsu, A. (2008). Error correction, revision, and learning. Journal of Second Language Writing, 17, 292-305.
Van Beuningen, C. G., De Jong, N. H., y Kuiken, F. (2012). Evidence on the effectiveness of comprehensive error correction in second language writing. Language Learning, 62(1), 1- 41.
Warschauer, M. (2010). Invited commentary: New tools for teaching writing. Language Learning and Technology, 14(1), 3-8.