Resumen
Esta contribución describe la creación de un modelo de evaluación de deslizamiento de tierra para el Área Metropolitana de San Salvador, departamento de El Salvador. El análisis inició con la obtención de una foto aérea del Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (MARN) en donde 4792 deslizamientos fueron identificados y georeferrenciados junto con 7 factores condicionantes incluyendo: geomorfología, geología, precipitaciones máximas, aceleraciones sísmicas, pendiente del terreno, distancia a carretera y falla geológica. Redes Neuronales Artificiales (RNA) fueron utilizadas para la evaluación de la susceptibilidad a deslizamiento de tierra, logrando que más del 80% de deslizamientos fueran apropiadamente clasificados usando un criterio dentro y fuera de la muestra con la que se estimaron los parámetros del modelo. Regresión Logística fue usada como base de comparación, obteniendo este modelo un rendimiento inferior. Para completar el análisis se realizó la interpolación de puntos usando el método kriging proveniente del enfoque geoestadístico. Finalmente, los resultados muestran que es posible obtener un mapa de riesgo a deslizamiento de tierra, haciendo uso de una combinación de RNA y técnicas geoestadísticas con lo cual la presente investigación puede ayudar a la mitigación de deslizamientos de tierra en El Salvador.
Citas
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