Costa Rican households of the 20th and 21st centuries: socioeconomic context and public policies

Abstract

This article aims to reconstruct the socioeconomic context and public policies around Costa Rican households during the 20th and 21st centuries through primary and secondary sources: laws, national development plans, and bibliographic documents. For this, the different documents were carefully read, identifying the use of the keywords home, homes, family, families, and household heads, in their context and relationship with the text. The change in the economic model, in the form and objectives of the State, implied a process of impoverishment. During the 1990s, this impoverishment tried to be counteracted through reforms to the essential macro components of the country, for example, the health sector reform, while households developed strategies to survive, one of them being the desertion of the educational system, especially from high school. Public policies, from actions with a demographic approach, show interest in studying changes in fertility and the various related aspects. The laws analyzed show the search to help the poorest households; However, they implied a biased view of their protection, as the members were considered the most vulnerable: infants, adolescents, and women, who sought to be protected. In the national development plans, the concern revolved around households in poverty, headed by women and in rural areas of the country.