Palabras clave
Costa Rican biodiversity
endemism
saproxilic taxa
phylogenetics
especiación de onicóforos
biodiversidad de Costa Rica
endemismo
fauna saproxílica
filogenética
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: Los onicóforos del neotrópico han sido poco estudiados, especialmente en cuanto a taxonomía y diversidad. Sin embargo, estudios recientes sugieren que los géneros actuales son obsoletos y el número de especies existentes es desconocido. Por ejemplo, en Costa Rica, se han reportado diversos onicóforos que no han sido identificados exitosamente. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la presencia de los géneros aceptados en el país, y describir un nuevo género y especie para Centroamérica. Métodos: En el 2017, recolectamos un espécimen de onicóforo en la reserva indígena de Keköldi en Talamanca, Limón, Costa Rica, el cual dio a luz a varias crías. Incluyendo a este animal, estudiamos un total de siete especímenes. Mediante el uso de microscopía de luz, observamos las características morfológicas macroscópicas en todas las muestras. Asimismo, utilizamos la microscopía electrónica para analizar detalladamente la morfología en una de estas. Finalmente, realizamos un análisis filogenético con la secuencia correspondiente de COI. Resultados: Un nuevo onicóforo gigante fue descrito. Se propuso un nuevo género, el cual se distingue por su tamaño gigante, el número de filas de escamas en la pieza apical de las papilas primarias, sus grandes papilas primarias cónicas, la línea media flanqueada por dos-tres papilas accesorias, la ausencia de órganos hialinos y el dimorfismo sexual marcado respecto al número de patas. Esta especie presenta un patrón particular de papilas en su cabeza, además de estructuras nuevas como papilas modificadas en la cabeza (papilas cefálicas), papilas accesorias con piezas apicales rudimentarias y la ausencia de quimiorreceptores en las antenas. Los análisis filogenéticos lo sitúan como un género monofilético que incluye a Peripatus solorzanoi, tal clado se encuentra dentro del grupo de especies centroamericanas. Por lo tanto, la nueva especie se agrupa dentro de las muestras pertenecientes a Costa Rica-Panamá. Este grupo no se relaciona con los especímenes de las islas caribeñas ni del Escudo Guyanés, hogares de las especies tipo de Epiperipatus y Peripatus respectivamente. De modo que sugerimos que estos géneros no están presentes en Centroamérica. Así entonces, describimos el nuevo género Mongeperipatus para Costa Rica. Conclusión: Este país alberga una diversidad de onicóforos sin describir, de modo que se requieren estudios puntuales que ayuden a aclarar la taxonomía y relaciones evolutivas del grupo para justificar la protección del filo.
Citas
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