Palabras clave
metabolitos secundarios
ontogenia
fotomorfogénesis
heterotrofia
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: La melina (Gmelina arborea), es una especie maderable de gran interés por su madera y propiedades medicinales. En Costa Rica, existen clones genéticamente superiores que se propagan sin el conocimiento de la edad ontogénica y fisiológica de los materiales. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación del contenido de fenoles y ligninas en hojas, peciolos, tallos y raíces de plantas con diferentes edades. Métodos: Los contenidos de fenoles y ligninas totales se determinaron mediante el método colorimétrico de Folin-Ciocalteu y el método de extracción alcalina, respectivamente. Resultados: Se demostró que todas las partes de la planta analizadas poseen fenoles y ligninas, independientemente de su edad. No hubo una correlación positiva entre la edad con el contenido de fenoles y ligninas para ninguna condición de desarrollo, pues los valores más altos no se obtuvieron en los árboles más longevos. Los extractos de hojas de las plantas in vitro y los árboles de siete años mostraron, respectivamente, los contenidos más altos de fenoles y ligninas para todas las condiciones. El modelo de competición proteico puede explicar los resultados obtenidos en condiciones de heterotrofia, debido a la absorción de sacarosa para la síntesis proteica sin afectar la demanda (por competencia) de fenilalanina para la síntesis fenólica. La presencia de mayor contenido de fenoles en las plantas in vitro y los altos contenidos de ligninas en esta condición para los tallos y raíces genera interrogantes en relación con la edad fisiológica y ontogenética de las plantas in vitro en comparación con plantas de campo. Conclusiones: Se recomienda una caracterización fitoquímica en cada etapa de desarrollo junto con el uso de marcadores morfológicos, fisiológicos y moleculares para explicar si los procesos del cultivo in vitro permiten revigorizar materiales selectos en comparación con otros estados de desarrollo ontogenético.
Citas
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